Timeline for Roman Britain

1. Timeline for Roman Britain • 43 CE: Invasion of Claudius • 60 CE: Boudicca Revolt • 78-85: Agricola governor of Britain • 120: Handrian’s Wall • 140” Severan Wall • 200s and 300s with large number of Roman troops, Britain avoids and later causes imperial instability; Britain prospers. • 410: Romans abandon Britain

2. The Empire During the Pax Romana

3. Claudius as Jupiter – the imperial cult

4. Claudius: Richborough to Colchester

5. Site of Claudian Invasion: Richborough

6. Roman Fort at Pevensey

9. History of the Kings of Britain

10. Discuss Campbell & Geoff • What types of sources did Campbell use to describe Roman Britain? • What were the main points of each of the sections in the Campbell reading? • Britain in the Fourth Century • Enemies and Defence of Britain • Collapse of Imperial Authority • What did Geoffrey’s History contribute to any of these topics?

11. What types of sources does Campbell primarily use to tell the history of Roman Britain? • Primary sources written by Britons • Primary sources written by Anglo-Saxons • Geoffrey of Monmouth and later historians • Archaeological evidence

12. What does this statement by Campbell mean? Britain in late Roman times was more like its medieval than its Anglo-Saxon self.” p. 9 Campbell’s periodization: • 43-410 CE Roman Britain • c. 600-1066: Anglo-Saxon Britain • 1066-1485: Medieval Britain

13. Discuss Campbell & Geoff • Given that Geoffrey’s History had so many people and so many events, what’s a good strategy for making sense of these readings?

14. According to Geoffrey, which usurper weakened British defenses by deploying troops on the Continent? • Constantine the Great c. 310 CE • Maximianus (Magnus Maximus) c. 383 • Constantine III c. 406 • Vortigern c. 430

15. According to Campbell, which usurper(s) came to power in 406 CE? • Marcus • Gratian • Constantine III • All of the above

16. Roads of the Roman army

20. Hadrian’s Wall, Great Britain Hadrian, Capitoline Museum, Rome

21. Reconstructed portion of Hadrian’s Wall

22. Reconstructed portion of Hadrian’s Wall

26. York

31. Roman Administration and British Tribes

33. Legatus

34. Centurion

35. Auxiliary& Legionary

38. Roman Britain c. 200 CE50,000 troops in Britain

39. Tacitus56 – 117 CESon in Law of Agricola

40. The Empire During the Pax Romana

41. The Saxon ShoreForts275-400s CE

42. Roman Villas

43. Usurpers: Constantine the Great c. 306

44. Usurpers: Magnus Maximus (Maximianus) c. 380

45. Usurpers: Constantine III c. 408

46. Discuss Geoffrey • How does Geoffrey explain or describe… • The building of Hadrian’s Wall • The construction of Stonehenge • The weakening of Britain’s defenses during the late 300s • The Britons’ initial success in defending themselves from predators prior to Vortigern’s treachery • Vortigern’s many faults

47. Who ruled Britain from 43 CE to 410 CE according to Geoffrey? • Roman governors, such as Agricola • One British client king at a time in a generally orderly succession • A council of local kings or chieftains • The Emperor himself

48. According to Geoffrey, which British King brought Christianity to Britain? • Constantine the Great • Lucius • Coel • Vortigern

49. Tacitus56 – 117 CESon in Law of Agricola

50. How did Geoffrey of Monmouth typically date events in his History? • By using the Celtic calendar • By referencing the regnal year of the British kings e.g. 5th year of Vortigern • By providing synchronisms e.g. at this time Rome was founded • With variations of traditional BC and AD dating