Chapter 3 Lesson 3

1. Chapter 3 Lesson 3 Wind Instruments Reading Focus- How do wind instruments produce sound? All wind instruments depend on vibrating column of air to produce sound. Pitch changed by covering and uncovering holes to change size of column of air. Reed Instruments- Vibrating reed causes air in tube to vibrate. Brass Instruments- Vibrating lips causes air in tube to vibrate. Kinds of Flutes- Air from musician causes air in tube to vibrate.

2. Pitch Reading Focus- How is the length of your vocal chords related to the pitch of your voice? Pitch- Highness or lowness of a sound. High pitched sounds have high frequency, low pitch sounds low frequency. Hertz- Frequency of sound measured in this unit, cycles per second. Octave- Series of eight notes. Every time you go up one octave, frequency of sound doubles. Men have longer and thicker vocal chords- deeper voices. Women can sing at higher pitches. Children shorter vocal chords- higher pitches than adults.

3. Musical Highs and Lows: Guitars- thinner strings=higher notes; thicker strings= lower notes. Tighter strings = higher notes Wind Instruments- pitch depends on size of vibrating column of air. More air=lower pitch; less air=higher pitch.

4. Controlling Loudness: Amplitude of sound wave heard as loudness Stringed instruments- loudness depends on how hard you pluck or bow the strings. Wind instruments- the harder the musician blows, the louder the sound. Percussion instruments- loudness depends on how forcefully instrument is struck.

5. Synthesizing Sound: Sound Synthesizer- Electronic device that can produce a large variety of sound. Music Synthesizers produce sounds using a keyboard or sound bank. Creates sounds that are like many instruments. Speech Synthesizers stores sounds that are later combined to produce words and sentences that sound like a human voice.