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High Middle Ages

High Middle Ages Timeline Check Western Roman Empire Falls ( 476 AD ) Western Europe is unstable and shaken (no longer united) due in large part to Germanic invasions . Dark Ages – trade declined, towns emptied, learning stopped .

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High Middle Ages

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  1. High Middle Ages

  2. Timeline Check • Western Roman Empire Falls (476 AD) • Western Europe is unstable and shaken (no longer united) due in large part to Germanic invasions. • Dark Ages – trade declined, towns emptied, learning stopped. • Feudalism emerges – Weak Kings give control over lands to lords. Lords control their area for the king and help the king fight off invaders. (Land for loyalty) • Church becomes very powerful – guiding force in politics and social life.

  3. Timeline Check Agricultural Revolution - advancements (iron plows and harness which allow horses to pull plows faster), allows greater production and greater wealth. Three field system - rotating crops to restore fertility to fields and increases food production. Trade Increased – the use of money increased. Commercial Revolution - The beginnings of modern business practicesof loans, partnerships Rise of the middle class – emergence ofmerchants, traders, and artisans. Formation of Guilds, they have a lot of power.

  4. High Middle Ages – 1000-1300 • Medieval kings could not always count on the loyalty of their nobles and churchmen? • Monarchs stood at the head of the society but had limited power.. • Both Nobles and churches had their own courts, collected their own taxes and fielded their own armies.

  5. High Middle Ages – 1000-1300 • Power Shift!Kings (monarchs) were gaining more power. • How? • Monarchs set up their own royal justice systems which undermined feudal and church courts. • Monarchs reached out to the middle class. The middle class then gave their support to the monarch.

  6. Increasing Royal Power in England • William the Conqueror invades England – becomes King of England. (1066) • Increased royal power by imposing control over his lands. He conducted a census (counting of all people) and used it to tax people.

  7. King Henry II • Took the throne in 1154. • expanded accepted customs intocommon law. • sent out royal justicesto enforce laws. • developed an early jury system. • These became the foundations of English Common Law (a part of the basis for our laws today)

  8. King John • Took the throne after King Henry II died. • Battled with the churchover authority. • John was an oppressive ruler who angered even his ownnobles by imposing great taxes.

  9. King John Continued • In 1215 a group of rebels forced King John to sign the Magna Carta – • it gave nobles certain rights and made it clear that even the monarch had to obey the laws. Also, • it included provisions which recognized the rights of townspeople and the church.

  10. King John Continued • Important clauses of Magna Carta • 1. Trial by Jury:A person cannot be sent to prison without legal judgment of his peers • 2. Right of Habeas Corpus: No person can be held in prison without first being charged with a crime.

  11. Increasing Royal Power in France • A series of Kings exerted power in many ways. • Made the throne hereditary • Won support of the church • Induced a national tax • Expanded courts • Outlawed private wars • Formed Estates General(A body which contained representatives from all three classes of French people, clergy, nobles and townspeople)

  12. Church Power Reaches Its Height • Pope Innocent III took office in 1198. • He claimed supremacy over all other rulers. • Even after Pope Innocent’s death, popes continued to claim supremacy. • But, during this period, French and English monarchs gained strength which and challenged the supremacy of the papacy (pope and church)

  13. The Crusades • The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took over the Byzantine Lands in Asia Minor. • These lands includedJerusalem (the spotwhere Christiansbelieved Jesus livedand preached) • This preventedChristians from takinga pilgrimage (trip) to the Holy Lands.

  14. Impact of the Crusades • Left a bigger legacy of religious hatred. • Unified the Muslim lands. • Crusaders returning to Europe from the middle east brought back spices, fabrics, and perfumes. • Helped trade expand. • The use of money grew. • Therefore, the kings allowed peasants to pay in money, rather than labor or grain. • A wider world-view emerged. There were people other than themselves, who were actually more advanced than they were.

  15. Knights and the Crusades

  16. Hundred Years War Black Death Decline of the Middle Ages End

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