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Old Testament 6

Old Testament 6. Tobit. Written about 180-200BC Unknown location Hebrew romance Praises the virtuous Jew God’s mercy and benevolence Traditional forms of piety- prayer, fasting and almsgiving, burial of the dead Family life. Tobit. Tobit- devout and wealthy

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Old Testament 6

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  1. Old Testament 6

  2. Tobit • Written about 180-200BC • Unknown location • Hebrew romance • Praises the virtuous Jew • God’s mercy and benevolence • Traditional forms of piety- prayer, fasting and almsgiving, burial of the dead • Family life

  3. Tobit • Tobit- devout and wealthy • Lives among captives deported to Ninevah • Suffers reversal of fortune and is blinded by bird doo. • Begs the lord to let him die • Remembers money saved- sends son Tobiah to get it- Chapter 4- instructions

  4. Tobit • Sarah- prays for death since she has lost 7 husbands- each killed on wedding night by demon • God sends Raphael archangel to help them both • Raphael goes to Media with Tobiah, attacked by large fish • Take gall, heart and liver- discard entrails

  5. Tobit • Tobiah eats fish, keeps rest • Raphael tells him to marry Sarah • Tobiah scared • Use fish liver and heart to ward off evil spirit and pray • Get married and pray 8:5-7 • Use gall to cure blindness • God took care of the virtuous

  6. Tobit

  7. Judith • Written around 100 BC-Judith- a generic name • Holofernes- sent by Nebuchadnezzar to destroy nations who wouldn’t help him • Judith a widow- 8:7-8 • Goes to enemy camp- pretends to betray her people • Holofernes wants her- allows her to pray to God for three nights • 4th night- drunk- she beheads him • Judith is small defenseless nation saved by God and Heroic Jewish woman • For us, Mary like Judith- 15:9

  8. Judith beheading Holofernes-Caravaggio

  9. Esther • 4th century BC • Haman- advisor to Persian King Xerxes • Hates all Jews- wants to kill them all in a day • Hates Mordecai- Jewish servant of the King who would not bow to Haman • M’s niece- Esther has become new queen • Kings grants her wisHangs Haman • E and M are classic pious Jews • God tells Purim • Deals with issue of whether Jews should be separate or integrated • Courage and resourcefulness

  10. Esther and Haman- Rembrandt

  11. Daniel • Included in prophets • But is really apocalyptic • Apocalyptic literature- greatest popularity 200BC-100AD • Time of persecution of Jews, later Christians • Roots in prophetic literature • Day of the Lord- God will vindicate

  12. Daniel • Written during persecution by Antiochus IV (167-164 BC) • Men of faith can resist temptation and conquer adversity • Written to give comfort and courage during time of persecution • Characterized by great visions promising deliverance and glory to Jews • Arrival of the Kingdom of God • Son of Man- chapter 7 • Also written to resist Hellenism

  13. Daniel • Daniel- an exile • Name means - my judge is God • 3 Parts • 1- six stories about Daniel and three companions at royal courst in Babylon • 2- (chapters 7-12)- symbolic visions • 4 kingdoms under which Jews will live from Babylonian conquest through God’s kingdom • 3-13-14- three other stories- only in Greek

  14. Daniel- 1st Part • Daniel has position of influence • But keeps Jewish laws and customs • Refuses to worship pagan idols • Thrown into lion’s den- God intervenes • Accusers meet fate instead • Daniel predicts destruction of Babylon • God protects those who remain faithful

  15. Daniel and the Lion’s Den-Rubens

  16. Daniel- 2nd part • Heavenly destruction of Israel’s tormenters • Addressing situation with Antiochus • Using symbols- can hide message from authorities • Apocalyse- revealing- to believers through symbols, numbers,etc • Unveiling

  17. Daniel- Apocalyptic • Author usually chooses a pseudonym holy or heroic figure from history • Cosmic viewpoint- whole universe involved in conflict • Day of Judgment- God will do the fighting • The just must wait for Day of the Lord • The just will rise from the dead 12:1-4 • Angels are messengers of God • Expectation of Messiah- Son of Man 7:13-14

  18. Break

  19. Psalm with Commentary

  20. Psalms • 150 psalms • Called Psalter • Hymns used in worship • Arranged into 5 parts- like Pentateuch • More laments in first half • More songs of praise in second half

  21. Psalms • Psalm 1- an intro to whole book • Psalms2-41 ends with doxology 41:14 • Psalms 42-72 ends with doxology 72:18-20 • Psalms 73-89 ends with doxology 89:53 • Psalms 90-106 ends with doxology 106:48 • Psalms 107-150 -possible end at 119 with pilgrimage songs at end

  22. Psalms • Origin in worship • Very big in Temple worship • Meant to be sung • Many titles include instructions- ex. 4 and 6 • Written over a timespan of 1000 years • 73 attributed to David • Others may have been cantors attached to Temple

  23. David

  24. Types of Psalms • Common classification- by literary type • Hymns • Enthronement - celebrate God’s kingship------93 • Songs of Zion- show devotion to Holy city of Jerusalem---46 • Psalm 100- general hymn • An invitation to praise God • Body- reasons for praising God • Conclusion- repeats introduction or expresses a prayer • Psalms 8, 19, 29, 33- examples • Songs of Zion- 46, 48, 76, 84, 87 • Enthronement- 47, 93, 95-99

  25. Types of Psalms • Supplications- Laments • Largest number- about 40 individual laments and 12 national or communal laments • Ex: 22-individual-freedom from false accusation • EX: 51- individual • Ex: 137- community • Structure: • Calling on God’s name • Description of the need • Petition for deliverance • Reasons why God should grant deliverance • Expression of confidence in God- grateful praise • Sudden shift from lament to praise

  26. Types of Laments • Psalm of trust • Emphasis on expressions of confidence • Thanksgiving- ex 118 • Gratitude to God • Communal and individual • Structure similar to hymns

  27. Types of Psalms • Royal Psalms • Royal laments- 144:1-11 • Royal Thanksgiving 18, 21, 118 • King is the speaker • Wisdom Psalms • Ex: 1, 34, 37, 49, 112, 128 • Happy the one who • A teacher speaking to a pupil • Proverbs • Righteous vs. wicked • Advice on how to live • Reward and punishment

  28. Types of Psalms • Liturgical Psalms • Entrance liturgies- 15, 24:3-6, 15:1, 24:3 • Ask who has right to enter Temple • Response of the priests- 15: 2-5

  29. Other types of Psalms • Individual song of confidence- 23 • Wedding song- 45 • Coming messiah- 2, 72, 110 • Penetential Pslams- 51

  30. Types of Psalms • Historical Psalms • Contain accounts of God’s great works in history of Israel • Ex. 78, 105-106, 135-136 • Salvation history • 78 and 106 contrast Israel’s rebellion with God’s graciousness • 105- praises Yahweh for faithfulness to covenant • Creation Psalms- 74, 89, 104 ex • Savior Psalms- 28, 42, 62 ex

  31. Attributes of God- Exercise • 71:22 • 135:13 • 18:2 • 31:2-5 • 90:14 • 18:25-26 • 108:41-42 • 33:4-5

  32. Major Themes in Psalms • Sovereignty of God • Power • Creation • Life- giver • God is Savior • God can never be fully known • God is trustworthy and faithful • God is a just God

  33. Major Themes in Psalms • There is only 1 God • He invites us to return friendship • Loving God means loving your neighbor • Loving God means a commitment to justice • We are a people of hope • The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord

  34. Psalms Today • Used in Liturgical Worship • Personal Prayer • Liturgy of the Hours • Responsorial Psalm • Rosary a recognition of the Psalms

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