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Acne occurs most frequently at puberty, when the sebaceous glands and keratinocytes are stimulated by pubertal hormones to increase the rate of production of sebum and keratin respectively. The excess keratin cells can then quickly block the pores of the sebaceous glands, trapping the sebum below, which then solidifies. This creates an ideal breeding environment for bacteria which normally live harmlessly on the skin, especially the bacteria associated with acne, called Propionibacterium acnes (or P. acnes). This bacterium thrives in the anaerobic environment generated by the clogged pore, and
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