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Eliott Dear Esq | Police in Society, History and Organization

Eliott Dear Esq is explaining the Police in Society, History, and Organization.

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Eliott Dear Esq | Police in Society, History and Organization

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  1. Police in Society: History and Organization Eliott Dear Esq

  2. Learning Objectives Learning Objectives ✓Describe how law enforcement developed in feudal England ✓Summarize characteristics of the first law enforcement agencies ✓Discuss the development of law enforcement in the United States ✓Analyze the problems of early police agencies ✓Discuss how reformers attempted to create professional police agencies

  3. Learning Objectives Learning Objectives ✓Describe the major changes in law enforcement between 1970 and today ✓Be familiar with the major federal law enforcement agencies ✓Summarize the differences among state, county, and local law enforcement ✓Explain the role of technology in police work

  4. The History of Police  Origins of police traced to early English society  Before 1066 BCE:  Pledge System - families banded together for protection  Prior to the thirteenth Century in England:  Shires  Similar to counties  Reeves  Appointed to supervise the territory

  5. The History of Police  In the thirteenth Century England:  Watch system  Employed watchmen to protect against robberies, fires, and disturbances  In 1326:  The office of the Justice of the Peace was created

  6. Private Police and Thief Takers  During early eighteenth century:  Rising crime rates encouraged and new form of private, monied police who profited from legal and illegal conduct as informal police departments  These private police were referred to as “Thief Takers”

  7. Creating Public Police  1829: Sir Robert Peel, England’s home secretary lobbied an “Act for Improving the Police in and near the Metropolis” Established the first organized police force in London with over 1,000 men  By 1856, all boroughs and counties in England were required to form their own police force

  8. Law Enforcement in Colonial America  Paralleled British model  County Sheriff  Collecting taxes, supervising elections, and performing other matters of business  Instead of patrolling or seeking out crime, the Sheriff reacted to citizens’ complaints and investigated crimes

  9. Early Police Agencies  Boston created first formal U.S. police dept. in 1838  New York Police – 1844  Philadelphia Police – 1854  Conflict between police and the public was born in the difficulty that untrained, unprofessional officers had in patrolling the streets of cities and controlling labor disputes

  10. Early Police Agencies  Police during the nineteenth century:  Involved foot patrols  Were regarded as incompetent and corrupt  Police agencies evolved slowly during the second half of the nineteenth century  Uniforms were introduced in New York (1853)  Communication links between precincts using telegraph (1850s)  Bicycles introduced (1897)  Primary responsibility was maintaining order

  11. Policing in the Twentieth Century  The emergence of professionalism  The 1960s and Beyond  Policing in the 1970s  Policing in the 1980s  Policing in the 1990s

  12. The Emergence of Professionalism  1893 International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)  Called for a civil service police force  August Vollmer  Most famous police reformer  Instituted university training for young officers  Helped to develop the school of Criminology at the University of California, at Berkeley

  13. The 1960s and Beyond  Turmoil and crisis in the 1960s  Supreme Court decisions impacted police  Civil rights of suspects expanded significantly  Civil unrest between the public and police  Rapidly growing crime rate in the 1960s  Both violent and property crimes increased

  14. The 1970s  1970s  There were structural changes in police departments, increased federal support for criminal justice  Law Enforcement Assistance Administration provided resources:  Improved police training  Supported innovative police research  More woman and minorities were recruited for police work

  15. The 1980s and 1990s  1980s  Emergence of community policing, unions fought for increase in salaries, state and local budgets were cut  1990s  Rodney King case prompted an era of police reform  Police departments embraced forms of policing that stressed cooperation with the community and problem solving

  16. Policing and Law Enforcement Today  Law Enforcement agencies are adapting to the changing nature of crime  (Ex: terrorism and internet fraud)  700,000 sworn law enforcement officers throughout these jurisdictions:  Federal  State  County  Metropolitan  Private

  17. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies  U.S. Justice Department Agencies:  Federal Bureau of Investigations  Drug Enforcement Administration  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives  U.S. Marshals  Department of Homeland Security Agencies:  Customs and Border Protection (CBP)  The Secret Service

  18. State Law Enforcement Agencies  First agency was the Texas Rangers, created in 1835  First truly modern state police agencies:  1903 – Connecticut  1905 – Pennsylvania  State police agencies  60,000 officers and 30,000 civilians  Primarily responsible for highway patrol and traffic law enforcement

  19. County Law Enforcement Agencies  Today sheriffs’ offices contain 330,000 full- time employees including 175,000 sworn personnel  Provide court security  Operate the jail system  Duties vary widely depending on size

  20. Metropolitan Law Enforcement Agencies  Range in size from agencies with 40,000 officers to departments with only 1 part-time officer  Nearly 13,000 departments with over 460,000 sworn personnel  Majority of departments have fewer than 50 officers and serve a population under 25,000  Most provide a wide variety of services and functions

  21. Private Policing  Private security has become a multimillion- dollar industry  10,000 firms and 1.5 million employees  People employed in private security outnumber public police by almost three to one  Privatized security costs less than public officers

  22. Technology and Law Enforcement  There is little doubt that the influence of technology on policing will continue to grow:  Crime Mapping  License Plate Recognition Technology  Digitizing Criminal Identification  Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems  Digital Dental Records  DNA Testing

  23. Future Technology  Genetic algorithms  Augmented Reality technology  Automated Biometric Identification System

  24. Thank You

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