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Heat and Temperature

Heat and Temperature. Do Now What are five ways that heat can affect “earth processes” List them out. Hand in. Proficiencies. Convert temperature readings between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. Describe heat as a form of energy transfer.

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Heat and Temperature

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  1. Heat and Temperature Do Now What are five ways that heat can affect “earth processes” List them out. Hand in.

  2. Proficiencies • Convert temperature readings between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. • Describe heat as a form of energy transfer. • Investigate and demonstrate how energy is transferred by convection, radiation, conduction. • Identify and distinguish between conductors and insulators. • Describe the four states of matter.

  3. Objectives • Be able to describe ways that heat impacts “earthly functions” • Differentiate between Heat and Temperature • Identify direct and indirect ways to measure temperature. • Identify and give examples of the three methods of heat transfer. • Name the phase transitions. Describe the energy requirements and physical changes that occur during phase transitions. • Relate the energy and physical requirements for phase transitions to the formation of fog, frost, dew, clouds, and various types of precipitation.

  4. How Does Heat (Heat Differences) Impact “Internal Earth Functions” Movement of Outer Core • Movement of the mantle • Movement of tectonic plates • Melting of rock • Earthquakes • Magnetic fields around the earth • Auroras form • Protection of the earth from solar storms • Pressure within the earth • Volcanoes

  5. How Does Heat Affect the Surface • Solar Radiation • Light waves and photons • Water movement • Ocean currents • Wind currents • Water cycle • Climate • Shelter

  6. Are Heat and Temperature the Same?

  7. Are Heat and Temperature the Same? • As the heat increases, we see an increase in temperature. • Are heat and temperature the same? • Will heat and temperature always be proportional to each other? (as one goes up, the other goes up)

  8. Temperature • A number that relates to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance • When measured in Kelvin, it is directly proportional

  9. Heat • Measure of the TOTAL energy • Kinetic + Potential • Does Heating something always cause the temperature to increase?

  10. Heat • Can cause • Temperature increase • Temp inc kinetic increase • Tells you nothing about PE • Phase changes to occur • Increase in PE of molecules but not KE

  11. Detecting Heat • How do you detect whether something is hot? • Thermometer • Temperature measuring device • Quantifies the average motion of molecules • Interpreted as a measure of heat.

  12. Detecting Heat • Can you use a thermometer • In space? • In molten metals • In hot fires? • What can you use that can measure heat (radiation) without touching the heat source?

  13. Detecting Heat • Infrared cameras • Image the heat • Infrared detectors • Measure heat energy WHY CAN YOU MEASURE HEAT WITHOUT TOUCHING IT?

  14. Because Heat Travels • The type of travel depends on the medium • Solids • Conduction • Liquids and Gases • Convection • Solids, Liquids and Gases • Radiation • Heat always moves from high heat to low heat in the easiest (most efficient) way possible.

  15. Two objects are in contact and at different temperatures Movement of heat through molecular collisions Conduction Requires A thermal infrared image of a coffee cup filled with a hot liquid. Notice the rings of color showing heat traveling from the hot liquid through the metal cup. You can see this in the metal spoon as well. This is a good example of conduction.

  16. Convection Requires • A liquid or gas movement • Hot liquid or gas rises to area of cool liquid or gas • Cooler liquid or gas moves “down” • Heat energy is transferred through circulation This thermal infrared image shows hot oil boiling in a pan. The oil is transferring heat up and out of the pan by convection. Notice the hot (yellow) centers of rising hot oil and the cooler outlines of the sinking oil

  17. Radiation • Does not rely on matter to transfer heat • Energy transport consisting of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light • Created by “excited electrons” calming down. • All objects can absorb and emit energy http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/waves.html

  18. Does Heat Travel Through Everything? • What does conduction mean? • What is a good conductor?

  19. Thermal Conductors • Thermal conductor (heat conductor) • a material that • conducts heat well • Conducts heat quickly • What are examples of good conductors?

  20. Thermal Insulators • Materials that do NOT conduct heat well • Materials that keep heat OUT (or IN) • Are insulators non-conductors?

  21. What are semi-conductors?

  22. Why does something conduct • As a rule, good conductors of heat are good conductors of electricity • Conductors allow charge (electrons) to flow through them • Electrons stop orbiting, and jump from atom to atom

  23. What are moving electrons? • Moving electrons are called a current. Electrons can move along material that is a conductor • When the path on which electrons flow is continuous, a circuit is created.

  24. Conversions – Kelvin, Celsius, Farenheit

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