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1. Baltic Master mid-term conferenceSnekkersten, Denmark, 19-20 October Prepared by: Mrs Urszula Kowalczyk, Jakub Piotrowicz w w w . b a l t i c m a s t e r . o r g

2. Work Package 2PSSA and APMs- Reports • The PSSA and existing/planned Associated Protective Measures status including its objectives in the Baltic Sea Region and IMO regulations are under analysis. • The results of this work will be presented in a report on regional priorities in PSSA (spring 2007) and will be also an important part of PSSA Vision 2020. • The PSSA Research Brief including results of first think-tank on PSSA is under preparation by World Maritime University

3. Report on regional priorities in PSSA- some major issues:Description of current PSSA status and Associated Protectove Measures assessment process;Description of PSSA as an inventory of knowledge- major PSSA mechanisms, its objectives, legal status, analysis of existing procedures;Description of regional priorities and local experienceswithin PSSA;Mapping of responsibility;Situation of The Baltic Sea Area in comparison with other European PSSA areas.

4. WP2 method of APMs assessment process

5. Particulary Sensitive Sea Area – PSSA“An area which needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognised ecological (uniqueness, vulnerability, dependency)or socio-economic (economy, recreation, human dependency)or scientific (research, monitoring, historical value)reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by maritime activities.”(IMO Resolution A.927(22) and Guidelines for Identification and Designation of PSSA)BALTIC SEA- designated as PSSA in 2005- document signed by Denmark, Estonia,Finland, Germany,Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,Sweden

6. Associated Protective Measures (APMs)APMs- International or territorialbinding measures which regulate shipping rules in the PSSA area. The APMs are decided upon by the member states of the IMO, but a proposal is submitted by thecoastal countries concerned.

7. Associated Protective Measures (APMs) • Ship reporting and routing systems • Disaster management concept • Discharge and emission restrictions • Satellite and aerial surveillance • Deep water routes • Traffic Separation Schemes • Vessel Traffic Services • Compulsory pilotage • Obligatory escort towing • Areas to be avoided • No anchoring areas • Certain activities prohibited • Special areas under MARPOL 73/78 (zero tolerance for oil in the Baltic Sea) Legal Framework: UNCLOS Regulations under IMO: MARPOL 73/78 The IMO is the only international body responsible for designating areas as Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas and adopting associated protective measures IMO A 24/Res.982 , Feb.2006

8. BALTIC SEA-SOME OF EXISTING AND POSSIBBLE ASSOCIATED PROTECTIVE MEASURES (APMs)- analyzed in the PSSA ReportCompulsory reporting and traffic surveillance Use of common Baltic Sea monitoring systems - AIS as a natural tool for VTSRouteing systems More than fifteen traffic separation schemes are established and adopted by IMO in eight parts of the Baltic Sea Area.Ship’s Routeing is the organization of traffic flow in or around areas where navigation byall ships or certain classes of ships is dangerous or undesirable / IMO Resolution A.572(14) / Pilotage servicesPilotage services are established locally by the port. States and are normally compulsoryfor ships over certain sizes. Escort and escorting tugs Considered to be introduced to to avoid groundings www.imo.org

9. BALTIC SEA-SOME OF EXISTING AND POSSIBBLE ASSOCIATED PROTECTIVE MEASURES (APMs)- analyzed in the PSSA Report- continued:Areas to be avoided -areas of the Baltic Sea focusing on the special protection requirements of certain marine species and their individual marine environment (e.g.: wintering or moulting areasfor seabirds or important reproduction and nursery grounds for marine mammals )Deepwater routeThe recommended deep-water route Eastern Baltic Sea (1 July 2006)In effect fromfrom May 2006:MARPOL Special Area SOx Emission ControlArea–prevention of air pollution by shipsFrom 1 July 2006:Approvment of the new traffic separation schemes- Bornholmsgat and North of Rügen,The amendment to the traffic separation scheme- Off Gotland Island, the South of GedserNew areas to be avoided at Norra Midsjöbanken and Hoburgs Bank

11. PSSA REGIONAL PRIORITIESSELECTED ANALYSED CASES

12. MAJOR SOURCES OF POLLUTION 1. Industry 2. public utilities 3. agriculture 4. surface transport 1. Ports 2. waste 3. sea shipping 4. offshore activity

13. Exploration of marine resources • Oil • Gas • Gravel • Fishing…

14. IMPACT OF PLANNED MARINE INVESTMENTS Versus PSSA VISTULA SANDBAR

15. IMO - compensation found for oil pollution disasters • The Legal Committee of IMO has adopted amendments to raise by 50 percent the limits of compensation payable to victims of pollution by oil from oil tankers. • The amendments to the 1992 Protocol of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC Convention) and to the 1992 Protocol of the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (IOPC Fund) are expected to enter into force on 1 November 2003, unless objections from one quarter of contracting States are received before then. • Almost all countries agreed to raise the found up to 1 bill euro – in case of lack of signature the victimes might face half ½ of recompensation

16. Implications of the EU Water Framework Directive for Ports, Harbours, Commercial and Leisure Navigation, and Dredging • Ports do not only facilitate trade, they also attract industrial installations and logistic services. • They provide for a range of other activities such as ship building and repair, dredging, bunkering, ship insurance, fishing, leisure and recreation, etc. • A wide range of activities is also directly related to the safety or threats in local and global dimension – potential threats can be detected in ports directly (the condition of ship or dangerous goods, hazards detected during dredging).

17. AERIAL SURVEILANCE – confirmed pollutions (HELCOM report on illegal discharges)

20. Conclusions • Measures decided on the level of EU, IMO and HELCOM will not have the desired effect if they are not implemented and uniformly enforced at the different levels by all Baltic States including Russia. • Further APMs are necessary to eliminate and reduce shipping related impacts- need of better co-ordinated regional and international co-operation • PSSA and APMs can help to create a strong integrated marine spatial planning tool for reducing shipping impact in the Baltic Sea area.

21. Conclusions • Industrial activity is increasing on the Baltic Sea and PSSA status will force to introduce more efficient protection • APMs should be rational and effective • Involvement and awareness of local communities should be increased • Teritorials waters of Russia are not included into PSSA of the Baltic Sea – anyway each country is obliged to obey the rules and reguirements of safe sea, but the monitoring on the territory excluded is rather limited (even if ships have to stick to IMO safety standards).

22. Contacts Mrs Urszula Kowalczyk Maritime Institute in Gdansk Head of Economics and Law Department Baltic Master WP2 Leader +4858 301 16 41 ulak@im.gda.pl Jakub Piotrowicz Maritime Institute in Gdansk Baltic Master WP2 Manager +4858 301 16 41 jpiotrow@im.gda.pl