Speaking To Persuade & Appendix B – Sample Speech

1. Speaking To Persuade&Appendix B – Sample Speech HCOM 100 Instructor Name

2. PREVIEWSpeaking to Persuade • Persuasion Defined • Motivating Your Audience • Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive Presentation Topic • Organizing Your Persuasive Messages • Strategies for Persuading Your Audience • How to Adjust Ideas to People and People to Ideas

3. Persuasion Defined • Persuasion is the process of attempting to change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior. • The persuasive speaker invites listener to make a choice, rather than just offering information about the options. • The persuasive speaker asks the audience to respond thoughtfully to the information presented. • The persuasive speaker intentionally tries to change or reinforce the listeners’ feelings, ideas, or behavior.

4. Motivating Your Audience • Motivating with dissonance • Cognitive dissonance occurs when you are presented with information that is inconsistent with your current thinking or feelings. • Motivating with needs • Maslow’s Hierarchy • Physiological • Safety • Social • Self esteem • Self-actualization

5. Motivating Your Audience • Motivating with Fear Appeals • Threat to family members • Credibility of speaker • Perceived “realness” of the threat • Motivating with Positive Appeals • Promising that good things will happen if the speaker’s advice is followed.

6. Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive Topic • Who is the Audience? • What is the Occasion? • What are my interests and experiences? • Brainstorming • Scanning Web Directories and Web Pages • Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas

7. Identifying YourPersuasive Purpose • General Purpose • Persuade • Specific Purpose • Attitude (learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably) • Belief (sense of what is true or false) • Values (enduring conception of right and wrong)

8. Developing Your Central Idea as a Persuasive Proposition • A proposition is a statement with which the speaker wants their audience to agree. • Proposition of Fact • True/False • Proposition of Value • Judge worth or importance of something • Proposition of Policy • Advocates specific action, includes “should”

9. Pronounced: (Zer Vesel) Strategies forPersuading Your Audience • Ethos: Establishing Your Credibility • An audience’s perception of the speaker’s competence, trustworthiness, dynamism • Charisma • Initial, derived, terminal

10. Strategies forPersuading Your Audience • Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning • Proof consists of both evidence and the conclusions you draw (reasoning) • Inductive reasoning • Arrives at a general conclusion from specific instances • Reasoning by analogy • Deductive reasoning • Reasoning from a general statement to reach a specific conclusion • Causal reasoning • Relate two or more events in such a way as to conclude that one or more of the events caused the others

11. Logical Fallacies • Causal Fallacy • Bandwagon Fallacy • Either-Or Fallacy • Hasty Generalization • Personal Attack • Red Herring • Appeal to Misplaced Authority • Non Sequitur

12. Strategies forPersuading Your Audience • Pathos: Using Emotion • Emotion-arousing verbal messages • Concrete illustrations and descriptions • Nonverbal messages

13. Organizing YourPersuasive Messages • Problem and Solution • Cause and Effect • Refutation • An organizational strategy by which you identify objections to your proposition and refute them with arguments and evidence

14. Organizing YourPersuasive Messages • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Attention • Need • Satisfaction • Visualization (positive and negative) • action

15. How to Adapt Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas • The Receptive Audience • Identify with your audience • Be overt in stating your speaking objective • Use emotional appeal • The Neutral Audience • “hook” them with introduction • Refer to universal beliefs and concerns • Show how the topic affects them • Be realistic

16. How to Adjust Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas • The Unreceptive Audience • Don’t immediately announce your persuasive purpose • Advance your strongest arguments first • Acknowledge opposing points of view • Be realistic

17. Appendix B – Sample Speech Persuasive Example: • Prosecutorial Abuse

18. Intro Attention Getter Propositional Statement Preview of all main points Transition Body Need/Problem Point One Evidence Transition Point Two Evidence Transition Point Three Evidence Transition Conclusion Restate Proposition Call to action Review of main points Restate Attention-getter Prosecutorial AbuseExample Persuasive Speech

19. What questions do you have? Homework: 1.) Reading? 2.) Turn in assignments?