Geographic information - Imagery and gridded data Wolfgang Kresse kresse@fh-nb.de

1. Geographic information - Imagery and gridded data Wolfgang Kresse kresse@fh-nb.de

2. Imagery Data taken by IRS-1C and LandsatTM Eftas, Münster, Germany

3. Gridded data

4. Coverages

5. ISO-Standards ISO 19101-2 “Reference model for imagery“ ISO 19115-2 “Metadata – Part 2: Extensions for imagery …“ ISO 19118-2 “Encoding for imagery“ (*) ISO 19xxx “Calibration/Validation for imagery” (*) ISO 19129 “Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework“ ISO 19130 “Sensor and data models for imagery and gridded data“ (*) Title still unofficial

6. ISO 19101-2 “Reference model - imagery“ • Extension of existing ISO 19101 “Reference model”, • Based upon models of information science • Computational Viewpoint: • Functional decomposition • Information Viewpoint: • Semantics of information • Engineering Viewpoint: • Interaction between sensor and platform • Outline for typical applications • Example: • photogrammetric project according to DIN 18740-x

7. Existing imaging systems • Government– US • NASA • EOSDIS Core System • SEEDs • USIGS System Arch. • USGS - National Map • NOAA • Government– non-US • EUMETSAT • ENVISAT PDS • China Digital Earth • International • CEOS • WMO • Commercial – Satellite • Spotimage • Commercial – Airborne • DIN • Textbook • Professional Societies • IEEE-GRSS • ISPRS

8. Classes of operations on images Image sensing Image processing Image analysis Image interpretation Image synthesis Image presentation

9. Refinement of imagery information Data assimilation Data fusion Knowledge from imagery Identifying features from imagery Geography imaging decision

10. ISO 19129 “Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework“ Preliminary work for imagery and gridded data standards Definition of the interaction of the imagery standards of ISO Definition of individual standardisation projects

11. ISO 19130 “Sensor and data models for imagery and gridded data“ Minimum requirements for the georeference of imagery and gridded data Sensors: Laserscanning (Lidar) Radar (SAR, InSAR) Hydrographic Sonar Scan linear arrays Photogrammetric camera Paper- and filmscanners

12. DEM Ländchen Friesack LGB Brandenburg (Germany) DEM of Lidar-data, Rasterwidth 5m Toposys, Ravensburg

13. Rs Rg SAR SARInSAR

14. Hydrographic sonar

15. Focal plane Optical system Scan mirror/telescope system Scan direction Cross track Ground track Scan linear array

16. Frame camera (old photogrammetry)

17. Geolocation Information Rigorous Model using a sensor model Functional Fit Model Polynomial Fit (Polynomial functions) Grid Interpolation Ratios of Polyomials Universal Real Time (mosaic of ratios of Polyn.) Terminology issue: Ground Control Point (GCP) Location GCP (row, column, x, y, (z)) Survey GCP (ID, x, y, (z))

18. Sensor Model Language (SensorML) Scanner/Profiler Model The line-of-sight sensor (one Pixel per time) Conic scanners Line-scanners Imager Optical Camera Model Frame camera Video camera SLR camera (Single Lens Reflex cameras) Rapid Positioning Coordinate (Universal Real Time)

19. ISO 19115-2 “Metadata – Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data“ Sources: FGDC (FGDC = Federal Geographic Data Committee, USA) With also some German source, such as DIN, Albertz-Kreiling, Luhmann DIN 18716-x und DIN 18740-x (Germany) ISO 19115 „Metadata“ etc.

20. ISO 19118-2 “Encoding for imagery“ Title is still unofficial Review of existing standards for encoding for imagery Filling of the gaps XML-based solution

21. Summary • International standardization: ISO/TC 211 • Convergence of the developments of standards • ISPRS and CEOS • ISO/TC 211 and ISPRS/CEOS • JTC1/SC24 • others • The U.S.A. and France:leaders in standardization of Remote Sensing+ China, South Korea, Thailand, Canada • Standardization of Photogrammetry:German contributions