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Breeds of Livestock Dairy – Beef – Swine - Sheep. Breeds of Dairy Cattle. Ayrshire. Developed in Scotland Came to U.S. in 1822 Cows weigh 1200 lbs. Ranks 3 rd in milk production. Brown Swiss. One of the oldest dairy breeds Originated in Switzerland Came to U.S. in 1869
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Ayrshire • Developed in Scotland • Came to U.S. in 1822 • Cows weigh 1200 lbs. • Ranks 3rd in milk production
Brown Swiss • One of the oldest dairy breeds • Originated in Switzerland • Came to U.S. in 1869 • 2nd in average milk production • Cows weigh 1500lbs.
Guernsey • Originated on island of Guernsey off the coast of France • Brought to U.S. in 1831 • Fourth in milk production • Produces a golden colored milk • Cows weigh 1100 lbs.
Holstein-Friesian • Developed in the Netherlands • Came to U.S. in 1852 • 90% of all dairy cattle in the U.S. are Holstein • Largest of all dairy cattle - 1500 lb. cows • First in milk production
Jersey • Came from island of Jersey off cost of France • First came to U.S. in 1815 • Lowest in milk production, highest in butterfat • Smallest dairy breed • Cows weigh around1000 lbs.
Milking Shorthorn • One of the oldest recognized breeds in the world, a segment of the Shorthorn breed • Originated in northeastern England • Came to U.S. (Va.) in 1783 • Provided milk, meat, and transportation to pioneers • Red, red & white, white, or roan in color
Angus • Developed in Scotland • Came to U.S. in 1873 • No.1 in numbers of registered animals • Always polled • There is a Red Angus breed
Brahman • Developed in U.S. between 1854-1926 • Brood stock came from India • Used in cross-breeding programs • Large hump on back and loose skin • They have a high heat tolerance
Charolais • One of the oldest breeds • Originated in France • Came to U.S. in 1936 from Mexico • Very large – cows up to 1800 lbs. • Used in many cross- breeding programs
Chianina • Developed in Italy • Came to U.S. in 1971 • Used in cross-breeding programs • They have black skin and white hair • Largest breed of cattle. Cows up to 2400 lbs.
Gelbvieh • Originated in Bavaria, southern Germany • Developed during late 18th century • Introduced to U.S. in 1971 • Red in color • Known for calving ease, mothering ability and calf growth
Hereford • Developed in England. • Came to U.S. in 1830s - Henry Clay • More Hereford’s registered than any other breed. • Easy breed to handle • White color is always dominate.
Limousin • Developed in France • Semen shipped to Canada in 1968 • Very wide horns • Meat is very lean
Polled Hereford • Developed in Iowa in 1901 • Same as Hereford breed except no horns
Red Angus • Same genetics as Angus, except red color • Were registered with Black Angus herdbooks until 1917 • Red Angus Assoc. of America formed in 1954
Shorthorn and Polled Shorthorn • Developed in England about 1600 • Came to Va. in 1783 • Originally a dual purpose breed • Red, white or roan in color • Are good mothers
Simmental • Developed in Switzerland • Came to U.S. in 1969 • Has no color requirement • Large and docile
Texas Longhorn • Developed from Spanish cattle, brought to new world by Columbus • Roamed free in the southwest until after the Civil War • Was replaced by new breeds in 1880s • Numbers are increasing
Scotch Highland • Oldest registered breed of cattle • Disease resistant, lashes protect eyes from insects • Long horns • Even temperament • Requires little shelter of feed supplements • From Scottish Highlands, raised from Alaska to Texas
Belted Galloway • Distinctive white belt • Brought to Pennsylvania in 1959
Icelandic • Found in Iceland • Originated in Norway, brought in during settlement of Iceland in 10th century • Selected for milking and protein percentage in milk.
Gir • Zebu breed from India • Long ears • Long horns that sweep back and spiral • Used in the development of the Brahman
Indo-Brazilian • Zebu breed developed in Brazil from 1910 - 1930 • Originated from the Gir breed • Taller and lighter muscled than the Brahman • White to dark grey • Very large ears
Santa Gertrudis • Developed on King Ranch in Texas • 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn cross • Red or cherry red in color • They have loose folds of skin • Hair grows short in hot weather and long in cold
Beefmaster • Developed on Lasiter Ranch in Texas from 1908-1930 • Brahman-Hereford crossed with Brahman-Shorthorn • Bred for six essentials: weight, conformation, milking ability, fertility, hardiness, and disposition
Droughtmaster • Developed in northern Australia • 1/2 Brahman x 1/2 Shorthorn • Red color, honey golden to dark red • Lean carcass • Tick and heat resistant • Calving ease, good temperament
Brangus • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus • Solid black and polled • Calves heavier at birth and weaning than Angus • Resistant to heat and humidity • Produce more hair in cool climates
Other Cross Breeds • Charbray • Braford • Brahmousin • Gelbray • Red Brangus
American Landrace • Developed around 1895 • Long body length • Ears large and drooping • Sows noted for good milk production
Berkshire • Developed in England • Came to U.S. in 1823 • Medium size hog • Erect ears, short snout • 6 white points
Chester White • Developed in PA. • Drooped ears • Known for mothering ability
Duroc • Developed in eastern U.S. • Drooped ears • Red in color • One of the most popular breeds in U.S.
Hampshire • Developed in England • Erect ears • White band circling the body • Know for lean meat
Poland China • Developed in Ohio • Black with six white points • Drooping ears • One of the larger breeds of hogs • Used in cross breeding programs
Spotted Breed • Developed in Indiana • At least 20% of body must be either black or white • First known as the Spotted Poland China
Tamworth • Originated in England • Brought to U.S. in 1882 • Red in color • Lean meat • Excellent mothering ability
Yorkshire • Developed in England • Came to U.S. in 1800s • Erect ears • Sometimes has black freckles
Vietnamese Potbelly • Developed from a dwarf swine breed from Vietnam in the 1960s • Brought to U.S from Canada in 1986 • Full grown potbellied pigs weigh an average of 70-150 lb. • Utilized as a pet
Cheviot • Originally from England • Small and blocky • White face and legs
Hampshire • Developed in England • Large in size, blocky type • Breed is polled • One of the most popular breeds
Suffolk • Developed in England • Came to U.S. in 1888 • Has no wool on head or legs • Know for production of market lambs • Ranks 1st in U.S. sheep population
Southdown • One of the oldest breeds • Developed in England • Small and blocky • Slow growth
Corriedale • Developed in New Zealand • Came to U.S. in 1914 • First used in western states • Breed is polled
Dorset • Brought to Oregon by ship in 1860 • White in color • Medium size • Both polled and horned varieties exist • Second largest breed in total numbers in the U.S.