Sheep and Goat Industry

1. Sheep and Goat Industry Animal Science Level 2

2. Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING? AS.06.02(Basic): Recognize, identify, and evaluate the effects of diseases and parasites on animals. AS.03: Identify breeds of economically important animal species.

3. Know Understand Do! Know Types of sheep Basic Management practices Basic terminology Understand • Use and variation in sheep breeds • Importance of management in relation to industry and health • Use of terminology in the industry Do • Identify common sheep breeds • Research disease prevention • Define and utilize basic sheep vocabulary

4. Key Learning: Sheep and Goat Industry Unit EQ: Why are sheep and goats rising in economic importance ? Concept : Sheep/ Goat Industry Lesson EQ: How are sheep and goats utilized in the animal science industry? Vocab Lamb, Mutton, Wool Concept : Sheep/Goat Breeds and Uses Lesson EQ: What characteristics define sheep/goat breed uses? Vocab Meat, Dairy, Textiles Concept : Care and Management Lesson EQ: How does management effect the sheep/goat industry? Vocab Drenching, Shearing, Lambing

5. History of sheep • Today’s sheep descend from wild sheep (Mouflon) of Asia and Europe • Sheep are a source of fiber and meat • Sheep were first domesticated about 10,000 years ago • People used wool as much as 20,000 years ago Corel Photo

6. Introducing sheep to the world • Columbus and other Europeans carried sheep to the New World • Spanish missionaries introduced to sheep to Native Americans in Mexico • Sheep are an important part of Navajo culture

7. Introducing sheep to the world • The Navajo word for sheep translates to “that by which we live” • Merino sheep were imported to New England in 1793 • During the next 20 years, demand for the Merino spread across the Northeastern U.S.

8. Sheep in the U.S. • With the development of synthetic fibers in the 20th century, the sheep industry has declined • Sheep and lamb population peaked at 56.2 million in 1942 • In 1996, the sheep and lamb population had declined to 8.4 million • In 2001, 66,000 sheep producers in the U.S. were raising 6.9 million sheep and lambs

9. Wool • Sheep have been bred to produce finer wool fiber • People in Iran began selective breeding of sheep for finer wool 6,000 years ago • Fine wool sheep breeds of today originated with the Spanish Merino, developed more than 1,200 years ago

10. Main areas in the Sheep and Goat Industry • Dairy • Milk Production • Meat • Wool/Textiles There are specific breeds that perform well in each area. There are also dual purpose breeds

11. What are the leading states and nations in sheep and goat production, and what are the major export and import markets for the United States? • D. The United States exports only about 2 percent of its lamb and mutton production. • Most U.S. mutton exports are to Mexico. • E. The United States imports more than 50 percent of the dairy goat cheese products it uses and consumes. • Most dairy goat cheese imports come from France.

12. How does the sheep and goat industry affect the U.S. economy? • Compared with the beef, dairy, and swine industries, the sheep and goat industry is relatively small in terms of production numbers and overall impact on the economy. • On the other hand, the sheep and goat industry tries to increase sales in specialty markets. • A. The sheep industry • 1. The sheep industry has significantly changed over the past several years from wool to meat production. • 2. The demand for lamb and mutton remains steady and shows little change in preferences. • Americans have not traditionally consumed lamb regularly, the way they have beef, pork, and poultry products.

13. How does the sheep and goat industry affect the U.S. economy? • 3. The wool industry in the United States has changed as many wool mills have either closed or moved to other countries. • This allows for export markets to increase slightly for wool and wool products. • 4. The challenges for the sheep industry and American lamb products depend on the adoption of new technologies by producers, marketing improvements, research development, and perfection of efficiency at every stage of sheep production.

14. How does the sheep and goat industry affect the U.S. economy? • B. The goat industry • 1. Dairy goat milk and cheese see a steady growth in consumer demand as people become more aware of the higher protein and lower cholesterol levels in goat products versus dairy cow products. • Dairy goat producers market their products primarily through direct markets, farmers’ markets, or Internet sales, or they sell them directly to retail stores and restaurants. • Goat milk can be used to make cheese known as chevre. • 2. Meat goats are marketed through harvest facilities, auctions, or on-farm sites to private buyers. • Meat goats are sold based on their size and age. • An Easter kid is a noncastrated meat goat weighing 16 to 40 pounds that is usually sold seasonally to ethnic markets. • Cabrito is the meat from a noncastrated milk-raised kid weighing 25 to 40 pounds. • Technically, chevon is the meat from a goat of any age or size.

15. How does the sheep and goat industry affect the U.S. economy? • 3. As Hispanic and Asian populations continue to rise in the United States, so will the preference for goat meat. • Historically, these populations have preferred goat meat in their diets. • Faith-based populations have also increased in the United States, creating a greater demand for related food preferences. • Goat meat is not generally available at grocery stores or supermarkets. • It is sold at ethnic markets and specialty stores. • 4. Great potential exists for the goat industry in the United States as ethnic populations continue to grow. • Small goat farms have the greatest opportunity for growth as the demand in metropolitan areas increases. • Goat meat also offers a healthy choice to meet the demands of health-conscious Americans. • Industry groups must educate consumers and producers and increase marketing strategies. • Other challenges of the goat industry relate to the price and availability of the meat.

16. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • Sheep and goats are very versatile and offer many products for human use. • These animals provide both food and non-food products. • Many of the non-food products are used in the manufacturing of items that are used every day. • For example, baseballs are stuffed with wool and sewn with wool thread, the rubber lining is prepared from stearic acid, and the center cork contains processed blood.

17. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • A. Meat that comes from a sheep under one year old (young sheep) is referred to as lamb. • Mutton is meat from a sheep that is over one year old. • Mutton has a very different taste than lamb. • Lamb is considered a delicacy. • Mutton has a strong flavor and is not as popular as lamb. • Meat from goats is referred to as chevon, depending on the age of the animal.

18. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • B. The hide of sheep is used for leather. • The wool is used for clothing and other products, such as rugs, insulation, and artist brushes. • The wool also contains lanolin. • Lanolin is the grease found in the wool and is used in ointments and cosmetics.

19. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • 1. The fats and fatty acids from the carcass are used in products such as floor wax, candles, crayons, brake fluid, tanning lotion, cosmetics, and glycerol that helps asphalt stick. • 2. The manure from sheep and goats can be used as fertilizer and contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other various minerals.

20. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • 3. The horns, hooves, and bones are used in a wide variety of products, such as shampoos/ conditioners, bone china, marshmallows, piano keys, and gelatin desserts. • 4. The products manufactured from the intestines can be the casings for foods such as sausages and hot dogs. • The intestines also provide materials used to make instrument strings.

21. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • C. Goat milk can be used to make a cheese known as chevre. • Dairy goat producers market their products primarily through direct markets, farmers’ markets, Internet sales, or direct to retail stores and restaurants. • Goat cheese is one of the fastest-growing cheeses in the specialty cheese market. • It is considered a gourmet food, and restaurants use it in dishes such as pizza, salads, and desserts.

22. What food and non-food products are produced by sheep and goats? • D. Meat goats are marketed through slaughter facilities, auctions, or on-farm sites to private buyers. • Meat goats are sold based on their size and age. • 1. An easter kid is a meat goat weighing 16 to 40 pounds. • It should not be castrated and is usually sold seasonally to ethnic markets. • 2. A cabrito is the meat from a milk-raised kid that weighs 25 to 40 pounds and is not castrated. • Chevon is the meat from goats of any age or size. • Generally, chevon meat is from goats weighing over 60 pounds. • 3. The price of goats is typically higher before major ethnic holidays. • There is an increasing interest in goat meat in gourmet restaurants. • Goat meat is often found on the menu and usually comes with a high price tag.

23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sheep and goatproduction? • Sheep and goat production has several advantages and disadvantages. • A. The advantages of raising sheep and goats are: • 1. Sheep and goats are good grazers, and some do well on range environments. • 2. Compared with beef animals, sheep and goats are efficient eaters of forage. • 3. Sheep and goats are used for more than one purpose. • 4. Lambs and goats have a fast growing rate, and return on investment can be seen in a short time. • 5. Sheep and goats can be raised together. • 6. Sheep are used in public and private areas to control plants like poison ivy and honeysuckle. • 7. Sheep and goats are very popular for young children to raise as 4-H and FFA projects.

24. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sheep and goatproduction? • B. The disadvantages of raising sheep and goats are: • 1. The price of wool is very low. • 2. The popularity of lamb and mutton is low. • Interest has lacked in lamb for the diet; however, some improvements have been made in promoting the eating of lamb. • 3. Disease and parasite presence is very high in the production of sheep and goats. • 4. Predators, such as dogs, wolves, and coyotes, typically attack sheep and goats. • 5. Animals used for more than one purpose can cause an increase in labor.

25. Activities • Picture’s worth a thousand words • Draw the history of the sheep up to today. • Begin with where sheep came from, and end with a product sheep are used to produce • Sheep are Better • Draw an advertisement for a sheep product. In your advertisement, include WHY your product containing sheep is better than a similar/related product that does not include sheep products.

26. Sheep and Goat Terminology Animal Science Level 2

27. Review Activity Worksheet One Intro to Sheep and Goat Industry Use the internet to answer the questions on your worksheet. You can work in pairs on the computers. You have 30 minutes to complete this activity

28. buck cabrito cashmere chammy chevon chevre doe mutton ram wether wool yearling Easter kid ewe kid kidding lamb lambing mohair Terms: Follow Along with your Worksheet

29. What are the proper terms used in describing sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep and goats? • Knowing basic sheep and goat terminology is important. • A. The following are common names and terminology used in describing sheep and goats. • 1. A ewe is a female sheep. • 2. A ram is a male sheep used for breeding purposes. • 3. A doe is a female goat at any age. • 4. A buck is a male goat at any age. • 5. A kid is a goat of either sex under one year of age.

30. What are the proper terms used in describing sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep and goats? • 6. A yearling is a goat of either sex one year old or older but less than two years old. • 7. A wether is a male sheep or goat castrated when it was young. • 8. Lambing is the process of a sheep giving birth. • 9. Kidding is the process of a goat giving birth. • 10. Wool is a sheep’s coat used as a fiber for products such as clothing. • 11. Chammy is leather made from sheep or goats.

31. What are the proper terms used in describing sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep and goats? • B. When the main purpose of a sheep or goat is meat consumption, we look at it not only to identify its basic external parts but also to identify the meat cuts on the animal. • 1. Many external parts of sheep and goats must be known to “speak the language” when judging or selecting one animal over another.

32. What are the proper terms used in describing sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep and goats?

33. What are the proper terms used in describing sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep and goats?

34. What are the proper terms used in describing sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep and goats? • 2. Many other terms should be known in reference to meat cuts taken from sheep and goats. • a. Lamb is meat from a sheep under one year old (young sheep). • Mutton is meat from a sheep one year old or older. • Lamb is considered a delicacy. • b. Meat from a goat is referred to as chevon.

35. Breeds

36. Breeds of sheep • 1,000 distinct breeds of sheep, with 50 breeds in North America • Many of these breeds are rare and some are in danger of extinction • In the U.S., four breeds account for more than two-thirds of the sheep population

37. Breeds of sheep • Sheep are raised for wool and meat; some provide milk for cheese-making • Breeds can be classified according the type of wool they produce: • Fine wool • Medium wool • Long wool • Crossbred wool • Hair sheep www.damaras.com

38. Southdown • Medium- to small-sized breed • Polled, medium-wool breed raised primarily for meat • Early maturing breed • Ewes have good lambing ability and average milk production

39. Southdown American Sheep Industry Association

40. Hampshire • Large medium-wool breed • Mild disposition and polled • Rapid growth and efficient feed conversion

41. Hampshire American Sheep Industry Association

42. Suffolk • Most common breed in the U.S. (40 percent of sheep population • Medium-wool polled breed • Raised primarily for meat

43. Suffolk American Sheep Industry Association

44. Shropshire • Heaviest wool producers among medium-wool breeds • Medium-sized • Dual purpose breed suitable for both meat and wool

45. Shropshire American Sheep Industry Association

46. Dorset • Medium-sized medium-wool breed • Both horned and polled varieties (polled is more common) • Ewes are good mothers and good milkers • Second most common breed in the U.S.

47. Dorset American Sheep Industry Association

48. Delaine Merino • Medium-sized fine-wool breed • Originated in Spain 1,200 years ago • Noted for producing the best wool in the world

49. Delaine Merino American Sheep Industry Association

50. Rambouillet • Fine-wool breed; medium size • Good carcass characteristics; dual-purpose breed • French in origin and descends from Spanish Merino • Produce some of the finest wool in the world