1 / 11

Alcohol and alcoholism

Alcohol and alcoholism. Physical effects of alcohol use Biopsychosocial effects of alcohol abuse. Physical effects of alcohol use. Cardiovascular benefits from 1 glass of wine per day: The French paradox? The benefits disappear at the equivalent of three glasses per day.

JasminFlorian
Download Presentation

Alcohol and alcoholism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Alcohol and alcoholism Physical effects of alcohol use Biopsychosocial effects of alcohol abuse

  2. Physical effects of alcohol use • Cardiovascular benefits from 1 glass of wine per day: The French paradox? • The benefits disappear at the equivalent of three glasses per day. • The same benefit can be obtained from grape juice, but it takes six glasses per day: the beneficial ingredient in wine may be flavinoids rather than alcohol

  3. Is the French paradox really a paradox? • Cardiovascular disease is a cumulative, delayed consequence of many factors, including diet. • Prior to the 1960s, the French diet was much lower in saturated fat than the American diet. • American “control group” studies are correlational. • Participants are self-assigned to groups.

  4. Other physical effects • Gastrointestinal system • Dissolving of mucosal lining • Hemorrhagic lesions of stomach lining • Increased HCl secretion, secondary to lesions • Shortening and lesions of intestinal villi • Pancreas • Pancreatitis • Diabetes or reactive hypoglycemia

  5. More physical effects... • Liver • Steatosis • Alcoholic hepatitis • Cirrhosis • Cancer • Cardiovascular system • Declining red and white blood cell counts • Cardiomyopathy

  6. More physical effects... • Central nervous system • Acute brain damage • Alcohol-induced brain damage • Chronic brain damage • Atrophy • Dementia • Nutritional deficit damage • Encephalopathy

  7. Approaches to alcohol use • Total abstinence • Cultural uniformity • Israel & Italy vs. Ireland & Finland • Parental introduction vs. parental prohibition (Mitic, 1990) • Is it possible to teach controlled drinking in a culture of excess? • Would the FDA approve alcohol today?

  8. Alcoholism • Definitions • Etiology • Family studies • Biological marker studies • EEG studies • Adoption studies • Twin Studies • Physiological theories • Sociocultural theories: Ledermann

  9. Treatments for alcoholism • Controlled drinking • Total abstinence • Comorbidity problems

  10. Pharmacological support • Antabuse • Apomorphine for conditioned aversion • Not popular currently • Antipsychotics for hallucinations: Dangerous • Antidepressants for comorbid depression • Benzodiazepines for withdrawal • Naltrexone for craving • Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, for early-onset alcoholism • Acamprosate, a glutamate agonist at NMDA receptors and a GABA-A agonist

  11. Abused Inhalants: huffing • Gases: Nitrous oxide and halothane • Anaesthetics, propellant for whipped cream • Volatile liquids • Ether and chloroform • Petroleum distillates • Gasoline, paint thinners, toluene, butane, propane • Solvents: Benzene, correction fluid, markers • Aerosol propellants: cooking spray, stain protectors, paint (chroming, from popularity of silver and gold spray paint) • Nitrites: Butyl, cyclohexyl (deodorizer), propyl and amyl (poppers, snappers). Nitrites are used mainly by adults, in an attempt to enhance sexual sensations. • Abused inhalants cause irregular heart rhythms, and are sometimes lethal.

More Related