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Indus River

Indus River Transboundary Water Resources Paula Kulis http://debrisson.free.fr/images/pakistan/indus.jpg River System http://www.sju.edu/cas/theology/Courses/2141/Topics/Indus/ http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/map/T028780A.gif Pakistan in 1947

JasminFlorian
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Indus River

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  1. Indus River Transboundary Water Resources Paula Kulis http://debrisson.free.fr/images/pakistan/indus.jpg

  2. River System http://www.sju.edu/cas/theology/Courses/2141/Topics/Indus/

  3. http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/map/T028780A.gifhttp://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/map/T028780A.gif

  4. Pakistan in 1947 http://www.dams.org/docs/kbase/studies/drafts/pkscope.pdf

  5. http://165.29.91.7/classes/humanities/worldstud/97-98/imper/india/India.htmhttp://165.29.91.7/classes/humanities/worldstud/97-98/imper/india/India.htm

  6. Within the British Empire • Canals link regions in the basin together • 23 barrages • 45 canals • Overarching Authority to settle disputes • Modern-day Pakistan is major beneficiary of development • Historic use

  7. Timeline Part I • 1930s: British Empire begins allowing more independence in states • Conflict • 1947: India and Pakistan become independent states • Pakistan has historic use • India is upper riparian • Also have conflict over Kashmir • Punjab • Interim Agreement

  8. Timeline Part II • 1948: India cuts off flow to Pakistan through 2 canals • Crops fail • Tension on resumption of flow • 1951: World Bank steps in • Negotiations take almost 10 years

  9. 1960: Indus Waters Treaty • Pakistan wants separation of water supplies • India has control over the eastern rivers • Ravi, Sutlej, Beas • Pakistan has control over the western rivers • Indus, Chenab, Jhelum

  10. 1960: Indus Waters Treaty • WB helps fund projects in Pakistan to compensate water loss (IBP) • Tarbela and Mangla Dams • Tarbela was the largest earth-filled dam at the time • 10 year transition period • Commission to meet every year

  11. www.dams.org/images/ maps/map_tarbela_bw.htm

  12. Benefits for Pakistan • More water • Flood attenuation • More agricultural land • Hydropower • More independence from India

  13. http://www.dams.org/docs/kbase/studies/drafts/pkscope.pdf

  14. Problems With the IBP • Water logging • Water table up to 1 m below surface in some places • Salinity • Sedimentation • Impacts hydropower • Resettlement • Environment

  15. Problems with the Treaty • Old treaty • population has changed water needs • India is depleting aquifers • Urbanization has increased municipal demands • Left India as the upper Riparian to Pakistan • Total separation of water resources • (is this really a “problem”?)

  16. Recent Developments • India is planning the Baglihar Hydropower Project on the Chenab River • Pakistan claims a violation of the Treaty • WB stepping in again • Other previous development projects • India has stopped attending annual Commission meetings • Kashmir

  17. Questions! • Do you think that the treaty is a sustainable one, or is it out-dated? • What important lessons can be learned from the Tarbela Dam project? • Would it be beneficial for Pakistan and India to integrate their water systems? Is it possible without conflict? http://ai.stanford.edu/~latombe/mountain/photo/muztaghata.html

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