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author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mes

Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the . Tuesday, March 28, 2000. University of California. Understanding Europe’s “New” Common Foreign and Security Policy: A Primer for Outsiders

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author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mes

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  1. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Understanding Europe’s “New” Common Foreign and Security Policy: A Primer for Outsiders Michael E. Smith IGCC author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  2. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California History of the EU’s Security Cooperation: 1950s: European Defense Community 1960s: Fouchet Plans 1970s: European Political Cooperation (established 1971) 1990s: Common Foreign and Security Policy (established 1991 as Maastricht Treaty’s Second Pillar; refined by Amsterdam Treaty, 1997) 2 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  3. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Despite obstacles EU CFSP can develop more effective cooperation based on: • Common Foreign/Security Interests • Recent Changes in Decision-Making Mechanisms • Common European Resources • Performance Record in Foreign/Security Policy Cooperation 3 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  4. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign/ Security Interests: European Political Cooperation (EPC) 1971 • Domaines Réservés: certain issues were off • limits to discussion (i.e. France/African colonies, • Greece/Turkey, and Britain/Ireland) • Civilian Norms: favoring diplomacy over coercion • and mediation over force • Emphasized free and open government, respect • for rule of law, protection of human rights, and economic • liberalism 4 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  5. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign/ Security Interests: Maastricht Treaty 1991 • Safeguarding common values, interests, • and independence of EU • Strengthening security of members in all ways • Preserving peace and strengthening international security • Promoting international cooperation • Developing and consolidating democracy, rule of law, and respect • for human rights and fundamental freedoms 5 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  6. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign/ Security Interests: Lisbon European Council 1992 • Interests based on: • Geographical proximity • EU interests in political/economic stability of a • region or country • Existence of threats to the security interests of the Union 6 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  7. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign/ Security Interests: Lisbon European Council 1992 • Areas for potential CFSP actions: • Strengthening democratic principles and • institutions and supporting good government • Promoting regional stability cooperation • Assisting international efforts to deal with emergencies • Strengthening existing cooperation against arms proliferation, • terrorism, and illicit drugs 7 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  8. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign/ Security Interests: Lisbon European Council 1992 • Security issues for potential CFSP action: • Disarmament and arms control in Europe • Nuclear non-proliferation • Economic aspects of security, especially technology transfer 8 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  9. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign/ Security Interests: Amsterdam Treaty 1996-97 • Reaffirmed commitment to TEU interests • Extended commitment to preserve peace and • strengthen international security by including • external borders • Included “Petersburg Tasks”: humanitarian and rescue • tasks, peacekeeping tasks, and tasks of combat force in • crisis management including peacemaking 9 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  10. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Decision-Making Principles: European Political Cooperation (EPC) 1971 • Decentralized network of informal discussion • Decisions based on consultation, confidentiality • and consensus • Domaines réservés • Each issue was considered separately in order to avoid trade-offs 10 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  11. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Decision-Making Principles: Maastricht Treaty • Preserved the framework of EPC • Significantly scaled back the coverage of the • domaines réservés • Sequencing and complexity of decision-making • reflects the compromises made during Maastricht negotiations 11 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  12. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Decision-Making Principles: Amsterdam Treaty • All members are entitled to full participation • regarding use of WEU in humanitarian missions • (“Petersburg tasks”) • Those states who do not participate may also be • involved in planning and decision-making • Still relies on unanimous decisions, but allows for states to abstain • (if over 1/3 of the states abstain the EU cannot act) • If a state decides to oppose a decision a vote shall not be taken 12 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  13. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Decision-Making Principles: WEU • EU/WEU cooperation include: • Consultation/decision-making, particularly in • crisis situations • Joint meetings of EU/WEU organizations • Harmonization of presidencies, rules, and practices and coordination • of staff • Improved security arrangements with the EU 13 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  14. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Decision-Making Principles: NATO • Cooperation with NATO includes: • WEU active involvement in the NATO defense • planning process • Operational links between the WEU and NATO • for the planning, preparation, and conduct of operations • using NATO assets and capabilities under the political • control and strategic direction of the WEU 14 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  15. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Resources: Civilian Resources • TEU: Budget was split into administrative • (paid with Community budget) and operational • (to be paid by Community or individual • states which led to a number of impediments to act • Amsterdam: Made clear EC budget is to be • primary source of CFSP funds and allowed abstaining • states to abstain from payment 15 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  16. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Resources: Civilian Resources • Amsterdam sets out specific funding of: • Elections and participation in democratic • transition process • EU envoys • Prevention of conflicts/ Peace and security processes • Financial assistance to disarmament processes • Urgent actions 16 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  17. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Resources: Military Resources Maastricht: NATO is dominant European security institution. Also allows EU to draw upon WEU expertise and resources. Amsterdam: EU member states will also support armament cooperation in hopes of framing a common defense policy. St. Malo (1998): Kosovo demonstrated a number of shortcomings in EU’s defense policy which reinvigorated interest in a common defense policy. 17 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  18. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Resources: Military Resources • EU has been given the capacity to act alone • using NATO assets • WEU • Eurocorps: President, Romano Prodi, • stated that a common EU army was the “logical next step” • Defense Industry: Commission endorsed idea of cooperation • in arms planning and procurement 18 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  19. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign and Security Policy Actions: • Damage Limitation The EU has not been • torn apart or derailed in confronting a • number of problems including: • enlargement • monetary union • GATT and WTO negotiations • future of NATO • the Balkans 19 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  20. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign and Security Policy Actions: Subjects of CFSP common positions: Afghanistan Albania Angola (2 ) Burundi (2) Burma/Mayanmar Cuba Haiti (2) Indonesia/East Timor Iraq KEDO Libya Nigeria (3) Rwanda Sierra Leone Sudan Ukraine Ex-Yugoslavia (14) Biological and toxic weapons Blinding laser weapons Conflict prevention and resolution in Africa 20 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  21. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California Common Foreign and Security Policy Actions: Subjects of CFSP common actions: Albania Anti-personnel mines (4) Democracy Support: Congo Democracy Support: Zaire Dual-use technology KEDO Middle East Peace Process (2) South Africa Special EU envoy/ aid for crisis management in Africa (3) Stability Pact Central/ Eastern Europe (2) Renewal of Non-Proliferation Treaty Russian elections observation Ex-Yugoslavia (15) 21 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  22. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California The Future of the CFSP: Obstacles • Lack of common political will • Domestic politics • Resources • Going it alone: States acting independently of the EU • Enlargement & EMU • Lack of cooperation in European defense industry 22 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu For full text see igcc online http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/slides/

  23. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation presented by: Michael E. Smith 1998-99 Dissertation Fellow of the Tuesday, March 28, 2000 University of California The Future of the CFSP: Opportunities • Humanitarian aid and assistance • Non-combat related support tasks • The carrot of enlargement 23 of 23 author: Michael E. Smith Georgia State University Department of Political Science University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 mesmith@gsu.edu Robinson Building Complex 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0518 phone 858.534.3352 fax 858.534.7655 email ph13@sdcc12.ucsd.edu f for full text see igcc onlinehttp://www-igcc.ucsd.edu/publications/policy_papers/pp52.html

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