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Political Violence in The Modern Era. The History of Terrorism as a Strategy of Political Insurgency Section 5. Political Violence. State Against State Clash of sizeable armies Organized, planned, studied Capable of supporting Bureaucracy. Citizens Against Citizens Common crime
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Political Violence in The Modern Era The History of Terrorism as a Strategy of Political InsurgencySection 5
Political Violence State Against State • Clash of sizeable armies • Organized, planned, studied • Capable of supporting Bureaucracy Citizens Against Citizens • Common crime • Racial strife • Political strife • Vigilantism State Against Citizens • Ordinary and legal (arrest, execution) • Clandestine, illegal intimidation Citizen Against State • Organized or spontaneous • Insurgency is an organized form
Forms of Insurgent Resistance Coup d'état Leninist Revolution Revolution Guerilla War Riot Non-Violent Resistance
Insurgent Strategies Coup d'état • A planned Insurgency at a high level • Sudden • Forceful • Political • Always planned to be swift • Often military based • Limited destruction Guerilla Warfare • Strategy of protracted war • Diffuse • Small formations • Flexibility offsets inferior firepower Leninist Revolution • Tightly knit, clandestine part organization • Often long period of preparation, including the recruitment, education, and organization of a revolutionary class • Long preparation is to be followed by short revolution Terrorism • Strategic choice • Distinctly different than the other forms of violence • Weapons and targets are different • Often used in conjunction with Guerilla strategies
Comparing the Strategies Chaliand, Gerard, & Blin, Arnaud, EdsThe History of Terrorism, from Antiquity to Al Qaeda Berkley; University of California Press 2007 Chapter 2 -Merari, Ariel Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Page 20 Table 2, Page 26 Table 3
Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Terrorist actions are attacks on the psychology of the opponent. Victory is to be achieved through • Propaganda • Intimidation • Provocation • Chaos • Attrition
Sources Chaliand, Gerard, & Blin, Arnaud, EdsThe History of Terrorism, from Antiquity to Al Qaeda Berkley; University of California Press 2007 Specifically much of this was from Chapter 2 -Merari, Ariel Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Page 20 Table 2, and 26 Table 3