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Teeth / Jaw Diet

Continue on to Set # 16C. Teeth / Jaw Diet. the lower jaw = mandible related term: “mandibular torus”. The jaw . . . in apes mandibles slant outward and downward, without a chin (“prognathism”) . Pongid Prognathism . (Line of greatest muscle force is shown in red.).

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Teeth / Jaw Diet

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  1. Continue on to Set # 16C Teeth / Jaw Diet

  2. the lower jaw = mandible related term: “mandibular torus”

  3. The jaw . . . in apes mandibles slant outward and downward, without a chin (“prognathism”)

  4. Pongid Prognathism. (Line of greatest muscle force is shown in red.) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 245

  5. The jaw . . . in humans lower jaw is comparatively small, but always has a distinct chin

  6. Modern human cranium. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 432

  7. The teeth . . . apes have a “simian shelf” rather than a chin

  8. The teeth . . . ape teeth have cusp patterns for the lower molars similar to those of humans . . .

  9. The teeth . . . rather than a “plus-4” pattern . . . apes have a “Y-5” pattern

  10. plus-4 Y-5 Y-5

  11. The teeth . . . apes (and monkeys) still possess conical, daggerish canines which project well beyond the surface of the opposite teeth . . .

  12. The teeth . . . apes (and monkeys) have diastemata, spaces opposite the large canine teeth. . . (“diastemata” = plural of “diastema”)

  13. The teeth . . . diastema = a space in the tooth row that accommodates one or more teeth from the opposite jaw

  14. Teeth of a male patas monkey. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 205

  15. The teeth . . . both apes and humans have 8 incisors I 4 canines C 8 premolars P 12 molars M abbreviations

  16. The teeth . . . both apes and humans have the same “dental formula” 2.1.2.3. 2.1.2.3.

  17. Donald Johanson and Maitland Edey, Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind. NY: Simon & Schuster, 1981.

  18. Dental formulae Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 120

  19. The teeth . . . apes have a “U”-shaped jaw . . .

  20. The teeth . . . in humans the plate is arched and curves outward at the back (parabolic arch) . . .

  21. The teeth . . . the overall evolutionary trend is toward smaller teeth

  22. Continue on to Set # 16D Next: Other Changes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 136

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