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Ancient Coin Project

Ancient Coin Project. Photo by Doug Smith; http://dougsmith.ancients.info/. created by Latin teacher Cathy Scaife for Ancient Coins for Education classroom attribution project . Ancient Coin Project. Photo by Doug Smith; http://dougsmith.ancients.info/. Part II Production of Roman Coins.

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Ancient Coin Project

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  1. Ancient Coin Project Photo by Doug Smith; http://dougsmith.ancients.info/ created by Latin teacher Cathy Scaife for Ancient Coins for Education classroom attribution project.

  2. Ancient Coin Project Photo by Doug Smith; http://dougsmith.ancients.info/ Part II Production of Roman Coins

  3. The Making of a Coin: ---authority to issue and guarantee coin’s worth ---possession of metal ---ability to refine metal to desired purity ---tools/techniques to fabricate coin from metal

  4. Possession of Metal

  5. Ability to Refine Metals(Pliny, Natural History Bk. XXXIII) Alloy: the mixing of precious metals with base metals to create a usable material Electrum: natural alloy of gold and silver Bronze: alloy of copper and tin Silver Gold (rare)

  6. Tools and Techniques to Mint a Coin Juno Moneta Roman goddess of the mint ---a temple to Juno Moneta was dedicated on the citadel of Rome In 344 B.C. ---an adjoining building contained the mint of Roman state.

  7. The Making of a Coin: Mints in the Roman Empire

  8. The Minting of Roman Coins ---casting in a mold ---striking

  9. Cast Bronze Coinage: 5th c.- mid 2nd c. BCE 1. Aes rude, central Italy, 3rd c. 2. AE dolphin money, Olbia, 5-4th c. 3. Aes grave, wheel coins http://dougsmith.ancients.info/ 4. Tooth-shaped, Akragas, Sicily, 5th c. 5. Arrow or leaf ,6th-5th c.

  10. Aes Grave Janus / Galley As (pl. Asses)

  11. Striking: Making a Flan ancient coin mold funnel-shaped bronze for pouring liquid metal into cast

  12. Striking: Making of a Flan ---cabo de barro (cob style) cookie dough style (chiseling the end off a rod) Severus Alexander ---hammering a bronze wire

  13. The Making of a Coin:Tools/techniques to fabricate coin from metal ---flan ---dies (obverse & reverse) ---tongs ---striking process ---coin rotation Medieval Striking Rig (but set up is similar to a Roman rig)

  14. A CoinMaker’s Tools

  15. Display, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

  16. Much Slave Labor Required Celatores (signatores) = die engravers cut master die from which working dies were made; dies lasted for 10,000 – 50,000 strikes Suppostores = “placers” Malleatores = “strikers”

  17. DiesByzantine die Islamic die Byzantine coin

  18. Forgers’ Dies 1-Sestertius 2-Mark Antony 3-Republican

  19. Modern Die and Hub American Numismatic Association Museum, Colorado Springs

  20. The Making of a Coin:Tools/techniques to fabricate coin from metal ---flan ---dies (obverse & reverse) ---tongs ---striking process ---coin rotation Medieval Striking Rig (but set up is similar to a Roman rig)

  21. Coin Denominations Roman denominations during the Republic

  22. Obverse (“heads”) CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES “Constantius Nobilissimus Caesar” Reverse (“tails”) GENIO POPVLI ROMANI “to the genius of the Roman people”

  23. Attribution of the Images on the Coin

  24. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Pontifex Maximus Tribunicia Potestas Imperator Pater Patriae “Caesar Augustus Nero Claudius, High Priest and Ruler of Rome and Germany, Supreme Commander of the armies of Rome, the father of his country, leader of the Triumviratefor as long as he shall live.”

  25. Gold Coins: Fine CoinCraftsmanship Plantation Place, England

  26. The Kentucky Quarter What similarities and differences do you see with ancient coins?

  27. GOOFS • Brockage: the result of a coin sticking in a die when a second coin gets struck.

  28. GOOFS Clashed Dies: Dies are hammered together without a coin in place, so that the softer reverse die receives a partial impression of the obverse. 1.Clodius Albinus, AVG. from Lugdunum 2.Julia Domna denarii

  29. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES: Silvering: technique of soaking coins in salt water to give them a silvery appearance Debasement: the weakening of currency by reducing the amount of precious metal content

  30. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES Countermark: Small punch mark used by a mint to retariff a coin.

  31. Baked Clay Molds COUNTERFEITING ?? used for casting Roman coins made of bronze

  32. COUNTERFEITING Fouree: the coating of a copper coin with a silver wash. Serrated Edges: perhaps used to prove coin was not a fouree and edges not shaved

  33. Image Sources • Meshorer, Ya’akov. Coins of the Ancient World. Lerner Archaeology Series: Digging Up the Past. (Lerner Publications Company, Minneapolis, 1980). • Russell, Solveig Paulson. From Barter to Gold: The Story of Money. (Rand McNally & Company, Chicago, 1961). • Website by Doug Smith. http://dougsmith.ancients.info/ • Website, American Numismatic Museum. www.money.org • Other Images donated by supporters of Ancient Coins for Education, as listed at http://www.bitsofhistory.com/acc/CI.html

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