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Social Institutions. Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior that are centered on basic social needs.Cultural universal. Functionalist View. 5 major tasksReplacing personnelTeaching new recruitsProducing and distributing goods and servicesPreserving orderProviding and maintaining a sense of purpose.
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1. Social Institutions:Family and Religion Chapter 8
3. Functionalist View 5 major tasks
Replacing personnel
Teaching new recruits
Producing and distributing goods and services
Preserving order
Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose
4. Family A set of people who are related by blood, marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship), or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
5. Family Variations Nuclear – a married couple and their unmarried children
6. Family Variations Extended – a family unit that includes parents and children, as well as other kin.
7. Marriage A legally sanctioned relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, as well as sexual activity, and childbearing.
8. Who to Marry? Endogamy – marriage between people of the same social category
Exogamy – refers to marriage between people of different social categories
9. How Many to Marry? Monogamy- marriage uniting two partners
Polygamy – marriage that unites three or more people
Polygyny- a man with multiple wives
Polyandry – a woman with multiple husbands
Serial monogamy – having several monogamous marriages over a lifetime
10. Kinship The state of being related to others
11. Residential Patterns Patrilocality – living with or near the husband’s family
Matrilocality – living with or near the wife’s family
12. Descent Refers to the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations
13. Descent Patrilineal – kinship traced through father’s side of the family
14. Descent Matrilineal – kinship traced through mother’s side of the family
15. Descent Bilateral – kinship traced through both the father’s side and mother’s side
16. Authority Patriarchy
Male decision making
Matriarchy
Female decision making
Egalitarian
Spouses are equal
17. Structural-Functional Analysis Family performs many vital tasks
Ogburn (1934)
Reproduction
Protection
Socialization
Regulation of sexual behavior
Affection and companionship
Provision of social status
18. Conflict Analysis Family perpetuates inequality
Property and inheritance
Patriarchy
Race and ethnicity
19. Interactionist Analysis How individuals share and experience family life
Building emotional bonds
Building a way to view the world and interact
20. Divorce Causes of divorce
Individualism
Romantic love subsides
Women less dependent on men
Divorce is socially acceptable
Legally easier to get
21. Alternate Family Forms One-parent families
Cohabitation
Gay and lesbian couples
Singlehood
22. Transition to Parenthood Little anticipatory socialization
Only limited learning during pregnancy
Transition quite abrupt
Society lacks clear and helpful guidelines for successful parenthood
23. Religion Social institution involving beliefs and practices based upon a conception of the sacred
Faith – belief anchored in conviction rather than scientific evidence
24. Religion Sacred – that which people set apart as extraordinary, inspiring a sense of awe and reverence
Profane – that which is an ordinary element of everyday life
Ritual – formal ceremonial behavior
25. Structural-Functional Durkheim identified 3 functions
Social cohesion
Social control
Providing meaning and purpose
26. Conflict Analysis Marx – religion tends to legitimize inequality and the status quo
27. Interactionist Analysis Places life and experiences in a “cosmic frame of reference”
Frames how individuals view the world
28. Religious Behavior Animism – belief that elements of the natural world are conscious life forms that affect humanity
29. Organization of Religious Behavior 4 basic forms
Ecclesia (state church)– a religious organization that claim most to all members of a society and is recognized as the official religion
Denomination – large, organized religion not officially linked with the state
30. Organization of Religious Behavior Sect – a relatively small religious group that stands apart from the larger society
New Religious Movement (Cult) – a religious organization that is substantially outside the cultural traditions of a society