1 / 61

The Evolution of American Education

The Evolution of American Education. European Settlers. Plymouth (1620). Jamestown (1607). Jamestown (1607). Settlers were “gentleman” and fortune seekers Came to find riches - gold, spices, furs Didn’t know farming, land was owned by the company. Plymouth (1620).

Jimmy
Download Presentation

The Evolution of American Education

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Evolution of American Education

  2. European Settlers Plymouth (1620) Jamestown (1607)

  3. Jamestown (1607) • Settlers were “gentleman” and fortune seekers • Came to find riches - • gold, spices, furs • Didn’t know farming, land was owned by the company

  4. Plymouth (1620) • Pilgrims came seeking religious freedom • Some knowledge of farming • No plows during the first 12 years

  5. Education in Colonial America • Apprenticeships • Dame Schools • Latin Grammar Schools • Higher Education

  6. Apprenticeships • 1642 - Massachusetts Bay Colony law • If children were notbeing educated properly, the town leaders wouldapprentice the child • 1646 - Virginia passed similar law

  7. Old Deluder Satan Act • 1647 - Massachusetts • Towns with 50 familieshad to have a teacherto teach reading andwriting

  8. Old Deluder Satan Act • Towns with 100 familieshad to establish a grammar school(college prep)

  9. Latin Grammar Schools • For the elite • Teachers were ministersor transients • Curriculum • Latin, Greek • Rote memorization • Strict discipline

  10. What is it?

  11. What is it? • A whipping post. These wereoutside the school house and students were tied to it to receive whippings.

  12. Dame Schools • Reading and writing was often taught in dame schools, especially for females. Dame schools were often conducted in kitchens. Students learned only the rudiments while thehomemaker worked.

  13. Dame Schools • Women were expected to stick to their knitting and not meddlein “such things as are proper for men, whose minds are stronger.”

  14. Higher Education • Colleges were established to train ministers and government leaders • Some proficiency in Latin and Greek was needed for admission • Curriculum emphasized classics and the liberal arts • No sciences or practical subjects were taught

  15. Our European Heritage • Seven Liberal Arts • Trivium • Grammar • Rhetoric • Dialectic

  16. More Liberal Arts • Quadrivium • Arithmetic • Geometry • Astronomy • Music

  17. Higher Education . . . • Harvard - 1638 • William and Mary - 1693 • Yale - 1701 • Princeton - 1746 (Presbyterian) • Columbia - 1754 (Episcopal)

  18. Higher Education. . . • Brown - 1764 (Baptist) • Rutgers - 1766 (Dutch Reformed) • Dartmouth - 1769 (Congregationalists)

  19. Elementary Schools • District School - one elementary school in a school district, New England origin, term is now obsolete • Common School - a school, elementary or secondary, that was available to all students

  20. Elementary Schools…. • Public School - An early term to differentiate between schools, P.S. 84 • Primary School - really refers to schools with grades 1, 2 and 3

  21. Elementary Schools... • Grammar School - A shortened form of Latin Grammar School, curriculum is limited • Elementary School - What we have today

  22. Advanced Schooling • Lyceum • Private Venture Schools • Academy • High Schools

  23. Lyceum • Generally, an adult education association operated at the community level • Had meetings, offered regular courses by lectures, procured books, apparatus and collections

  24. Lyceum • Agriculture was often emphasized in the early 1800s • By the mid 1800s thousands of Lyceums were in operation in the United States • There was even a lyceum association

  25. Private Venture Schools • Practical matters were taught by individuals in their own house • Subjects included surveying, navigation, accounting, mathematics, etc. • Similar to the dance, karate, computer, etc. schools of today.

  26. The Academy • Ben Franklin’s idea - 1749

  27. Franklin’s Academy • Two Divisions • English School • Classical School • Latin master had a title, English master none

  28. Franklin’s Academy • Latin master paid twice as much • English master had twice as many students

  29. Academies • Private • Primarily Classical • Basically College Preparatory • Evolved out of the Latin Grammar School

  30. Academies • Sometimes went by other names • Institutes • Seminary

  31. High School • Originally was terminal • First High School - Boston - 1821 • Boys only, 12 years or older

  32. High Schools • Entrance examination required • English, mathematics, science, history

  33. High Schools, cont. • Massachusetts Law of 1827 • Towns with 500+ families established high schools • United States History, bookkeeping, algebra, geometry, surveying

  34. Massachusetts • Towns with 4000+ inhabitants also had to teach Latin, Greek, history, rhetoric & logic

  35. Early Agricultural Schools • Gardiner Lyceum (Maine) - 1821-1832 • Agricultural Seminary (Conn.) - 1824-1825 • These schools were boarding schools - didn’t survive long

  36. Early Ag Schools • Boston Asylum and Farm School - 1832 • “the establishment of a farm school in the country, where idle and morally exposed children of the city can be rescued from vice and danger”

  37. Growth of Schools

  38. High School Attendance

  39. The Awakening • At the dawning of the 20th Century the public was disenchanted with public education • curriculum was still primarily classical • no relevancy to an agrarian society • no practical application • lecture and rote memorization were extensively used

  40. Early Schools

  41. The Media • Education is “as it was 60 years ago in our boyhood, so it is today in 99 out of 100 schools. Not a grain of progress that will help the country boy to a better understanding of the problem of agriculture.” - Hoard’s Dairyman, 1895

  42. The Media • We need to abandon “the cut-and-dried formula of a period when a man was ‘educated’ only when he knew Greek and Latin” - Wallace’s Farmer, 1908

  43. The Awakening... • In 1910 only 8.8% of all 17 year olds were high school graduates • USDA, agricultural societies, farm publications and others demanded change in the educational system

  44. The Awakening • Many states started teaching agriculture and home economics in the public schools in the early 1900s • A state ruling in North Carolina in 1903 required agriculture to be taught in elementary schools

  45. From 1910-1917the teaching of agriculture in schools was started in many states

  46. The Awakening • The NC Legislature passed the Farm Life School Act in 1911 • Boarding schools were established where agriculture and home economics was taught

  47. Farm Life School Curriculum • Agricultural subjects were substituted for Latin • All other traditional subjects were taught (literature, etc) • School had to have a farm and adequate facilities

  48. Cary Farm Life School Students at Cary lived in this dormitory

  49. Cary Farm Life School This student from Edgecombe County was a boarder.

More Related