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Vertebrate Origins

Vertebrate Origins. Haikouella lanceolata , early Cambrian. Diversity of Chordates. American toad, Bufo americanus. 56,000 species 10 mm to 40 m long Every habitat Large body size. Pronghorn antelope, Antilocarpa americana. Sea squirt, Atriolum robustum.

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Vertebrate Origins

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  1. Vertebrate Origins Haikouellalanceolata, early Cambrian

  2. Diversity of Chordates American toad, Bufoamericanus 56,000 species 10 mm to 40 m long Every habitat Large body size Pronghorn antelope, Antilocarpaamericana Sea squirt, Atriolumrobustum Laughing gull, Larusatricilla Amphioxus (probably Branchiostoma) Eastern box turtle, Terrapenecarolina Shoal chub, Macrhybopsishyostoma

  3. Endostyle-thyroid • Chordate Characteristics • Notochord • Pharynx • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Endostyle-thyroid gland

  4. Endostyle-thyroid • Chordate Characteristics • Notochord • Pharynx • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Endostyle-thyroid gland

  5. Endostyle-thyroid • Chordate Characteristics • Notochord • Pharynx • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Endostyle-thyroid gland

  6. Endostyle-thyroid • Chordate Characteristics • Notochord • Pharynx • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Endostyle-thyroid gland

  7. Endostyle-thyroid • Chordate Characteristics • Notochord • Pharynx • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Endostyle-thyroid gland

  8. How are vertebrates different from other chordates? • ENDOSKELETON: Vertebrae? (actually vertebrae are lacking in hagfishes and rudimentary in lampreys) • 2. Cephalization: Cranium (all sense organs located towad anterior region of body) • 3. Tripartite brain with associated complex, paired sense organs and cranial nerves • 4. Chambered heart: CLOSED circulatory system • Alimentary canal (digestive system) • Specialized organ systems

  9. Body Systems • Integumentary • Hair, skin, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands • Protection • Regulates body temperature • Houses sense organs

  10. Body Systems • Muscular • Muscles • FXN: • causes body movement • maintains posture • produces body heat

  11. Body Systems • Skeletal • Bones, cartilage, ligaments • Aids in movements • Support • Protects • Produces blood cells

  12. Body Systems • Digestive System • Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, liver, sm and lg intestines • Breakdown food and absorbs nutrients • Excretes waste

  13. Body Systems • Respiratory • Lungs and nasal cavity, bronchi • Exchange gases

  14. Body Systems • circulatory • Heart and blood vessels • Transports blood and nutrients thru body

  15. Body Systems • Excretory/ urinary • Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra • Removes waste from blood • maintain water balance • eliminates urine

  16. Body Systems • Endocrine • Pituitary glands, pancreas thyroid, adrenal gland • Secrete hormones to regulate metabolism

  17. Body Systems • Nervous • Brain, spinal column, sense organs • Respond to stimuli Animation: http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200011.htm

  18. Body Systems • Reproductive • Vagina/Penis • Reproduction • Support dev of embyro

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