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VERTEBRATE ANIMALS

VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. VERTEBRATES ARE ANIMALS WITH ENDOSKELETONS VERTEBRATE ANIMALS HAVE BACKBONES MOST VERTEBRATES ARE FISH FISH CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 GROUPS MOST YOUNG FISH DEVELOP INSIDE AN EGG AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES ARE ADAPTED FOR LIFE ON LAND

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VERTEBRATE ANIMALS

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  1. VERTEBRATE ANIMALS • VERTEBRATES ARE ANIMALS WITH ENDOSKELETONS VERTEBRATE ANIMALS HAVE BACKBONES • MOST VERTEBRATES ARE FISH • FISH CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 GROUPS • MOST YOUNG FISH DEVELOP INSIDE AN EGG • AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES ARE ADAPTED FOR LIFE ON LAND • BIRDS MEET THEIR NEEDS ON LAND, IN WATER, AND IN THE AIR • MAMMALS LIVE IN MANY ENVIRONMENTS

  2. Vertebrates have backbones • Fish, frogs, snakes, birds, dogs, humans are all vertebrates (animals with backbones) • Only 5% of animals are vertebrates (rest are invertebrates) they are the most studied. • Have muscles, digestive systems, respiratory system, & nervous system with sensory organs. • Have endoskeleton-internal support system that grows with the animal; allow for more flexibility & movement. • Named for specialized bones-vertebrae (backbones). Supports muscles & surrounds spinal cord (connects brain to nerves).

  3. Most Vertebrates are Fish • More than 20,000 species of fish, in nearly every aquatic environment. • Get oxygen from water, & move to find food. • Muscles & fins push bodies through water & move them quickly. Many have swim bladder to control depth at which they float. • Have sensory organs for taste, odor & sound; most have a lateral line (senses vibrations of objects) • Gills made of many folds of tissue filled with blood (takes in oxygen from water into blood, and water is forced out through gill slits)

  4. 3 Groups of Fish • JAWLESS, CARTILGINOUS & BONY FISH • Jawless have tube shape bodies (lampreys & hagfish); digestive system with no stomach, but teeth- bite other organisms to attach & suck out flesh & fluids • Cartilaginous = sharks, rays & skates; no bone but cartilage skeletons • Some sharks pose danger to humans but most don’t & feed on fish, crustaceans & mollusks. Whale sharks feed by filtering small organisms as they swim. • Rays have flat bodies, & skim ocean floor to feed on small animals in sand. Has large wing like fins on its side.

  5. Bony Fish • Most fish (tuna, flounder, goldfish, eel) are bony (96%) • Have bony skeletons, and most fish are covered with scales, have jaws, teeth & several pair of fins. • Tropical fish are bright & colorful (may give camaflouge in their environment or help to attract a potential mate.

  6. Most young fish develop in eggs • Most reproduce sexually, female makes eggs, male makes sperm • Often they select mates (female may only release eggs into water when a certain male is around to fertilize them); then parent fish usually leave eggs to hatch on own, but are some exceptions. • Most fish eggs are surrounded by a soft egg case that lets water pass through(giving it oxygen too); the yolk gives the developing fish food- so these eggs don’t need care from adult fish • Since many animals eat fish eggs, fish often lay & fertilize many, so a few will survive to maturity.

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