World Bank Annual Conference on Land Policy and Administration Washington 26-27 April 2010

1. Building an informed and inclusive response to the global rush for landMadiodio Niasse, DirectorMichael Taylor, Programme ManagerInternational Land Coalition Secretariat World Bank Annual Conference on Land Policy and Administration Washington 26-27 April 2010

2. International Land Coalition • A global alliance of 82 civil society and intergovernmental organisations working together to promote secure and equitable access to and control over land for poor women and men through advocacy, dialogue and capacity building. • Members include IGOs, farmer organisations, research centres, trade unions, NGOs, CSOs

3. Is there a global land rush? Yes ILC members report pressures from the following drivers: • Food • Agrofuel feedstock • Timber • Carbon sequestration • Tourism

4. Distinctives of the current rush • Scale of land acquisitions • Role of home and host governments • Lack of transparency • Context of liberalisation of markets, FTAs • Regional distinctives: • L. America: concentration thro market • E. Europe: post-collectivisation markets • Asia: National elites and intra-regional • Africa: Allocations of ‘state land’

5. Responses • Research • Regulation • Resistance

6. Research • IIED/FAO/IFAD: 5 countries in Africa (2009) • World Bank: 20+ countries globally (2010) • GTZ: four countries in Asia and Africa (2010) • FIAN: 2 countries in Africa (2010) • SNV: 5 countries West Africa (2009) + 6 countries (2010) • Club du Sahel with ILC: West Africa region (2010) • ROPPA/IDRC: 5 countries in West Africa • ILC 35 studies cross-sector (2010)

7. ILC Research project • Collaboration between civil society, research organisations, individual experts • Common conceptual framework developed by Agter • Technical coordination by CIRAD • Studies and synthesis report to be launched November 2010

8. ILC research project: thematic • Land acquisitions for food and agrofuel feedstock production (IIED) • Forest concessions (RRI) • Allocation of the commons to investors –Wily • Impacts on women (MOKORO) • Land values and conversions (GM) • Legal instruments to foster responsible investment in agriculture: a human rights, agricultural trade and investment law perspective (WTI) • Existing non-legal instruments to protect poor people against companies grabbing their land for food production (Oxfam Novib) • CPL in historical perspective – Huggins

9. ILC research project: paradigmatic • Study on Special Economic Zones, India (SDF/Satavahana University) • The land concentration process, Peru (CEPES) • Madagascar case study, (Observatoire du Foncier) • Elite land grab, global with specific focus on Kenya (KLA)

10. ILC research project: Africa • Pression commerciale sur le littoral béninois, Benin (VADID) • Socio-economic impact of commercial exploitation of river valleys, Rwanda (RCN) • Commercial Pressures on Land in Ethiopia: a case study of the Bechera Agricultural Development (EDC) • Social impacts of commercial pressures on land in Zambia (ZLA) • AGRI-SA CONGO negotiations (CIRAD)

11. ILC research project: Asia • Corporate Farming in Pakistan (SCOPE) • Expansion of Oil Palm Plantations (AGRA) • Palm oil and indigenous peoples in South-East Asia (FPP) • Mapping of actual and potential areas affected, Philippines (ARNow!) • Commercial pressure on agricultural land in Kathmandu valley of Nepal (CDS) • Highly extractive fishing activities and privatization of foreshore lands (NGOs for Fisheries Reform • Video documentary on the Sumilao campaign and CARPER law campaign (SALIGAN)

12. ILC research project: Latin America • Dinámicas de transferencia y cambios en los usos y valoraciones de la tierra en un contexto de expansión minera, Peru (CEPES) • ¿Cómo lograr una gestión concertada y sostenible de las tierras indígenas chorotegas en un contexto de presión y de liberalización comercial que afecta a los recursos naturales?, Nicaragua – (Agronomes et Vétérinaires sans frontières) • La competencia por la tierra de los productores familiares lecheros del Uruguay y sus estrategias para enfrentarla, (Centro Cooperativista Uruguayo) • Empresas extractivas, territorio y conflictividad social en el río Cenepa, Peru (SER) • A Intervenção no desmatamento como fator de desestabilização na propriedade da terra: estudo comparativo entre duas modalidades de regularização fundiária na Transamazônica, Brazil (ICRAF)

13. ILC research project: Regional overviews • West Africa Regional Study (OECD/SWAC and SNV) • Asia regional overview (ANGOC) • Africa Regional Overview (RECONCILE) • Latin America Overview (CISEPA and CEPES)

14. ILC: Commercial Pressures on Land portal ILC Commercial Pressures on Land Blog www.landcoalition.org/cpl-blog • Tagged articles, research papers, multimedia (>1100) • Events, processes • Biweekly mailout Will become Commercial Pressure on Land Page on new Land Portal, online late 2010 CPL Page Parternship with ActionAid, FAO, CAPRi, RECONCILE, AGTER, CIRAD, Oxfam-Novib, Universities of Bern and Groningen

15. ILC: Land acquisition matrix and map Global Matrix of investment-related land transactions over 500Ha • Logging reports, verification, spatial representation • Online from late 2010 on CPL Land Portal • Crowd-sourcing from 2011 • Partnership with CIRAD, Oxfam-Novib, University of Bern and in-country partners

16. Regulation: Governance • FAO’s Voluntary Guidelineson Responsible on Responsible Governance of Land and other Natural Resources • Framework and Guidelines for Land Policy in Africa Characteristics: • Focus on wider land governance, but incl land transactions • Developed through participatory processes, broad legitimacy Challenges: • Investor interest highest where governance is weakest • specificity

17. Regulation: Investment • WB/FAO/IFAD/UNCTAD: 7 Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment that Respects Rights, Livelihoods and Resources • IFPRI: 5 Key elements for a code of conduct for foreign land acquisition • BMZ: 6 Basic Principles on the Purchase and Leasing of Large Areas of Land in Developing Countries Characteristics • Focus on agricultural investment • Non-enforceable Challenges: • Articulation with existing frameworks, eg Equator principles, Roundtables on sustainable biofuels & palm oils, EITI, Santiago Accord, Equator Principles • Acceptance as normative reference depends on extent of support

18. Regulation: Human rights • Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food: 11 Minimum Human Rights Principles Applicable to Large-Scale Land Acquisitions or Leases Characteristics: • Appeals to existing human rights mechanisms Challenges: • Gaining acceptance or influencing investment-related principles

19. Resistance FIAN, LVC, FOODFirst, etc: Campaign to stop landgrabbing Characteristics: • Large-scale agriculture inherently socially, environmentally and economically damaging Challenges: • Meaningful influence on ongoing investment processes

20. Overall challenges in responding • Using the “land grabbing” phenomena as a springboard for coordinated efforts to scale up and advance efforts to strengthen collective land rights and economic opportunities of the rural poor • Understanding the social and political dimensions of land in addition to economic factors, shaping rural societies • Balancing urgency (of protecting rights or facilitating investment?) with need for information and inclusion in identifying solutions

21. Diversity of studies covering : Various parts of the world Using various methodological approaches Conducted at different times: Before the issue of land grabs started to catch global attention: GRAIN study as key to drawing attention to the magnitude of the phenomenon At an early stage when the phenomenon started to be at the spotlight In the following months Studies underway Holes in each of the studies By different types of organisations: CSOs, farmer organisations, Academic institutions, Intergovernmental orgs. Putting all gathered evidence on the table helps reduce the holes in geographic coverage, and attenuate biases Diversity of initiatives on evidence-gathering

22. Principles Scepticism on the efficacy of voluntary regulatory responses Call for immediate end to “land grabs”and outright rejection of any code-of-conduct type of principles Major interest groups (including those who use and/or own the land, govs in the receiving countries, public and private investors) left out from the search for responses No meaningful open debates among the proponents of the various responses, and among all relevant parties Diversity of responses

23. Objective to enable a wider diversity of stakeholder groups to influence the nature of global responses to large-scale land acquisitions and to consider their alternatives Expected outcome Increased awareness of what is happening in terms nature of the deals, initial impacts on the ground Improved understanding of the arguments behind what is being proposed by various parties  Positions and responses by the various parties and more informed by available evidence and by the alternatives perspectives on the phenomenon Global Dialogue Initiative

24. Initiating Committee A global CSO: Action Aid International A Global IGO-CSO coalition: ILC Three farmer organisations: AFA, COPROFAM, ROPPA Role: Improve the concept of the Dialogue Engage in broad consultations to set in place the Convening Committee The Convening Committee An expansion of the IC into a ten-member Committee Diverse and representative enough to guarantee an open dialogue in which all parties are equally treated Role: Finalise the Dialogue concept into a dialogue proposal Mobilise needed financial resources in a manner that does not compromise the independence of the Dialogue Identify and invite participants to the Dialogue Oversee and coordinate the dialogue process Disseminate the results of the Dialogue Governance of the Dialogue

25. A two stage-process CSO-FO Phase, with the aim of levelling the playing field Open Dialogue Phase On the evidence On the responses being proposed (principles and alternatives to principles) Dialogue modalities: Regional consultations Global consultations (meetings and electronic consultations) Linkages with other global and regional processes Expected to be concluded by end 2010 Format of the Dialogue process (initial thoughts)