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DEEP BACK MUSCLES

DEEP BACK MUSCLES. Deep Back Muscles. Epaxial muscles. Hypaxial muscles. Pharyngeal arch muscles. Cutaneous Nerves of the Back. Along either side of the midline of the back: Innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami of thoracic spinal nerves. More laterally:

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DEEP BACK MUSCLES

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  1. DEEP BACK MUSCLES

  2. Deep Back Muscles • Epaxial muscles. • Hypaxial muscles. • Pharyngeal arch muscles.

  3. Cutaneous Nerves of the Back • Along either side of the midline of the back: Innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami of thoracic spinal nerves. • More laterally: Innervated by lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves.

  4. Thoracolumbar Fascia • Triangular-shaped sheet of tough connective tissue. • Partial site of origin of latissimus dorsi and abdominal oblique muscles.

  5. Thoracolumbar Fascia Laminae • Posterior lamina to lumbar spinous processes. • Middle lamina to lumbar transverse processes. • Anterior lamina (deepest) to lumbar transverse processes.

  6. Arrangement of Back Muscles • Three groups: Superficial: Extrinsic. Intermediate: Extrinsic. Deep: Intrinsic.

  7. Superficial Extrinsic Muscles • Connect limb to axial skeleton. • Innervated by ventral rami or CN XI. • Include: Trapezius. Latissimus dorsi. Levator scapulae. Rhomboideus major. Rhomboideus minor.

  8. Intermediate Extrinsic Muscles • Respiratory muscles. • Innervated by ventral (anterior) rami. • Serratus posterior group: Serratus posterior superior. Serratus posterior inferior. • Refer to Syllabus: Table II, p. 71.

  9. INTRINSIC (DEEP) BACK MUSCLES

  10. Intrinsic Back Muscles • True intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami. • Three groups: Superficial Intermediate Deep • Refer to Table III, p 73 of Syllabus.

  11. Spinotransversalis System • Consists of the Splenius group: • Long muscles. • Originate from ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes.

  12. Spinotransversalis System • Run laterally upward to transverse processes and skull. • Run laterally and upward to insertion. • Two parts: Splenius capitis. Splenius cervicis.

  13. Superficial Intrinsic Muscles • Splenius capitis: • O: spinous processes of C7 and T1-4. • I: superior nuchal line and mastoid. • Splenius cervicis: • O: spinous processes of T3-6. • I: C1-C4 transverse processes with levator scapulae. • Spinotransversalis System

  14. Intermediate Intrinsic • Sacrospinalis system: Erector spinae. Run longitudinally upward: Transverse processes to rib. Rib to rib. Rib to cervical transverse processes. Spinous processes to spinous processes.

  15. Intermediate Layer of Intrinsic Deep Back Muscles • Components: Iliocostalis. Longissimus. Spinalis. • Refer to Syllabus: Table III. P 73.

  16. Intermediate Intrinsic • Iliocostalis: Origin = ilium and sacrum. Insertion = most of the ribs. Lateral part of the erector spinae group. Extends back; keeps erect posture. Components: Lumborum. Thoracis. Cervicis.

  17. Intermediate Intrinsic • Longissimus: Origin = transversus processes and sacrum. Insertion = most of ribs. Middle portion of erector spinae group. Components: Thoracis. Cervicis. Capitis.

  18. Intermediate Intrinsic • Spinalis: Origin = spinous processes of T11-L2. Insertion = spinous processes of thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae. Components: Thoracis. Cervicis: Usually absent. Capitis: Part of semispinalis capitis.

  19. Deep Intrinsic Muscles • Transversospinalis system: From transverse processes to transverse processes. Concealed by erector spinae. Muscles arise laterally and insert medially. Components: Semispinalis. Multifidus. Rotatores.

  20. Semispinalis • Traverse a couple of vertebral levels. • Components: Thoracis. Cervicis. Origin = T1-4. Insertion = C3-5. Largely covered by semispinalis capitis.

  21. Semispinalis • Components: Capitis: Origin = T1-6 and C4-7. Insertion = between superior and inferior nuchal lines.

  22. Multifidus • Thick muscle mass. • Arises from sacrum and surrounding structures and from transverse processes up to C4. Including mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae. • Traverses 3 segments. • Inserts on spinous processes C2-L5.

  23. Rotatores • Pass from root of transverse process to root of superior spinous process. • Long: Span two segments. • Short: Span one segment.

  24. Intrinsic Segmental Muscles • Interspinales. • Intertransversarii.

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