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Exercise Science

Exercise Science. Chapter 1 Human Anatomy. Anatomy. 5 Major Anatomical Systems Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System. Skeletal System. Basic Functions Protection Support Framework (levers) Production of RBC Storage (minerals).

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Exercise Science

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  1. Exercise Science Chapter 1 Human Anatomy

  2. Anatomy 5 Major Anatomical Systems • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nervous System • Cardiovascular System • Respiratory System

  3. Skeletal System Basic Functions • Protection • Support • Framework (levers) • Production of RBC • Storage (minerals)

  4. Skeletal System Types of skeletons • Axial Skeleton • Appendicular Skeleton • 206 bones total

  5. Skeletal System • Axial Skeleton – skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, ribs & sternum

  6. Skeletal System Axial Skeletoncont… Vertebral Column- • Cervical (7) • Thoracic (12) • Lumbar (5) • Sacrum (5 fused) • Coccyx (2-4)

  7. Skeletal System Appendicular Skeleton (appendages) • Levers • Mobility

  8. Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton

  9. Skeletal System Wolfs Law – a bone is capable of adjusting it’s strength in proportion to the amount of stress (or lack of stress) placed on it • Factors that Affect Bone Density • Diet • Genetics • Activity • Bone Density Theory – bone density “CAN” increase until about age 35 years. Then depending on the above factor it will begin to decrease

  10. Skeletal System Bones to Know • Skull • Scapula • Clavicle • Sternum • Ribs • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Pelvis • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Vertebral Column Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (2 to 4)

  11. Muscular System Basic Functions • Protection • Locomotion • Force Production Types of Muscle Tissue • Smooth or Visceral • Cardiac • Skeletal (for our class this is what we will be referring to in all our discussions)

  12. Muscular System Properties of Skeletal Muscle Contraction • Contract – Shorten (concentric) • Relax – Lengthen (eccentric) • All or Nothing • Motor Units – certain # of muscle fibers and the specific motor neuron that connects w/ them

  13. Muscular System Vocabulary • Agonist • Antagonist • Prime Mover • Synergist • Stabilizers

  14. Muscular System Vocabulary Cont… • Flexion • Extension • Plantar Flexion • Dorsi Flexion • Inversion – medial • Eversion – lateral • Abduction • Adduction • Circumduction • Internal Rotation • External Rotation • Supination • Pronation • Elevation • Depression • Horizontal Flexion • Horizontal Extension

  15. Muscular System Muscles to Know • Pectoralis Major • Pectoralis Minor • Deltoid • Rotator Cuff • Subscapularis • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Biceps Brachii • Brachialis • Brachioradialis • Triceps

  16. Muscular System

  17. Muscular System Muscles to Know Cont… • Abdominals • External Obliques • Internal Obliques • Rectus Abdominis • Transverse Abdominis • Erector Spinae • Latissimus Dorsi • Trapezius • Gluteal • Iliopsoas • Quadriceps • Hamstrings • Tibialis Anterior • Soleus • Gastrocnemius

  18. Nervous System Basic Functions • Control Center • Communication • All Major Body Functions (heart, breathing, etc…) • Personality • Critical Thinking • Motor Control • Motor Coordination • Etc…

  19. Nervous System • Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System • Sensory Neurons (information in) • Motor Neurons (information out)

  20. Nervous System Motor Units – certain # of skeletal muscle fibers and the motor neuron that innervates (connects) with them • Motor Units can have vary # of muscle fibers connect with it’s correlating motor neuron • This is how we can produce varying force production • Muscle Fiber Types • Slow Twitch – lower # of Muscle Fibers per motor neuron • Fast Twitch – higher # of Muscle Fibers per motor neuron

  21. Cardiovascular System Basic Functions • Uptake & Delivery Oxygen • Uptake & Delivery Nutrients • Uptake & Removal of Wastes

  22. Cardiovascular System Components • Heart (pump) • Vessels (pathways) • Blood (Transporter)

  23. Cardiovascular System • Blood Flow Through the • Heart • Superior Vena Cava & Inferior Vena • Cava • Right Atrium • Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid) • Right Ventricle • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve • Pulmonary Trunk – Pulmonary Arteries • Lungs

  24. Cardiovascular System Blood Flow Through the HeartCont… • Pulmonary Veins • Left Atrium • Left Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid, Mitral) • Left Ventricle • Aortic Semilunar Valve • Aorta • Body

  25. Cardiovascular System

  26. Cardiovascular Vessels • Arteries • Arterioles • Capillaries (transitional vessels) • Venules • Veins

  27. Cardiovascular System Arteries/Arterioles • Rigid • Smooth Muscle • Carries Blood Away from the Heart

  28. Cardiovascular System Veins/Venules • Collapsible • Valves • Carries Blood Towards the Heart

  29. Cardiovascular System Capillaries • Small • Transitional Vessels • Drop off O2 & Nutrients • Pick up CO2 & Wastes

  30. Cardiovascular System Blood • Transporter of oxygen, nutrients & wastes • Stays inside the vessels • Women approx 4 to 5 Liters • Men approx 5 to 6 Liters

  31. Cardiovascular System Cardiac Cycle • Systole – work, ventricular contraction, blood exits heart • Diastole – rest, atrial contraction, no blood exits heart Blood Pressure • Systolic Pressure – pressure in the appendage arteries during ventricular contraction • Diastolic Pressure - pressure in the appendage arteries during atrial contraction

  32. Respiratory System Basic Functions • All Gas exchange in the body • Intake of O2 • Expel CO2

  33. Respiratory System Components of the Respiratory System • Nose • Mouth • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs

  34. Respiratory System 3 Types of Respiration • External Respiration: the process of getting O2 from outside into the body

  35. Respiratory System 3 Types of Respiration Cont… • Internal Respiration: the process of transitioning O2 from the lungs to the blood

  36. Respiratory System 3 Types of Respiration Cont… Cellular Respiration: the process of getting O2 from the blood to the working muscles

  37. Anatomy Homework Assignment • Detailed Picture of Each of the 5 Systems • 3 Web addresses of web sites (for each system) that discuss each system

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