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Field Botany – Spring 2013

Field Botany – Spring 2013. Course Website. http://courses.knox.edu/bio316/. Botany Labs. Textbook. How many plant species are there?. Illinois – over 3200 vascular plants Northeastern North America – over 4600 vascular plants (Gleason and Cronquist) California – over 4400 vascular plants.

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Field Botany – Spring 2013

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  1. Field Botany – Spring 2013

  2. Course Website • http://courses.knox.edu/bio316/

  3. Botany Labs

  4. Textbook

  5. How many plant species are there? • Illinois – over 3200 vascular plants • Northeastern North America – over 4600 vascular plants (Gleason and Cronquist) • California – over 4400 vascular plants

  6. From Gleason and Cronquist 1991

  7. How many plant species are there? • Illinois – 58,000 square miles – over 3200 vascular plants • Costa Rica – 19,600 square miles – over 8,000 vascular plants

  8. How many plant species are there?- total in 2010 • 16,000 Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) • 12,000 Pterophytes (ferns and fern allies) • 1021 Gymnosperms • 282,000 flowering plants (Angiosperms) • 311,000 total plant species • Some add in green algae – 8500 species

  9. How many endangered plant species? • In 1997 the IUCN (International Conservation Union) Red Data list for plants rated 34,000 species as endangered out of 60,000 species evaluated • Then changed evaluation procedures – IUCN now rates 8,000 species as endangered out of 11,000 species evaluated • UK (very well known flora) lists 20% of species as endangered • Likely that 1 out of 4 plant species is endangered

  10. Aceraceae – The Maples

  11. Maple samaras (fruits)

  12. Asteraceae – The Sunflowers, Asters

  13. AnnualSunflower

  14. Goldenrod

  15. Poaceae – The Grasses

  16. Ammophila – Beach grass

  17. Field Trip to Missouri Botanical Garden – April 18

  18. Plant Collection

  19. Taxonomy

  20. Definitions • Taxonomy - the study and description of the variation of organisms, the investigation of the causes and consequences of this variation, and the manipulation of the data obtained to produce a system of classification • Classification (as process) - the production of a logical system of categories, each containing any number of organisms, which allows easier reference to its components, the kinds of organisms • Classification (as object) - is that logical system itself

  21. Definitions cont’d • Identification - naming of an organism by reference to an already existing classification system • Taxon - any taxonomic grouping - division, class, family, genus, etc. • Description - statement of the characteristics of a taxon • Characters that contribute to a taxonomic description are known as taxonomic or systematic characters

  22. Definitions cont’d • Diagnosis - shortened description covering only those characters (diagnostic characters) which are necessary to distinguish a taxon from other related taxa • flora (lower case) - plant life of a given area • Flora (upper case) is a book or other work describing the flora of a given area

  23. Classification • Need for classification is absolute – it is only by naming organisms and grouping them in recognizable categories that we can begin to understand the vast array of diversity that exists

  24. Southern magnolia – Magnolia grandifolia

  25. Star sedge – Carex radiata

  26. Hierarchies of plant taxonomy – from Stace

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