FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 06 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

1. LEC 06 Families – Part II FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 06 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

2. tiger lily (A) Canada lily Set II _______ • Lily family • Mallow family • Sunflower family • Grass family Common mallow dicot hibiscus cup plant dicot chicory deer tongue _______ purpletop

3. Lily Family • TAXONICALLY: ___________ perennials herbs and forbs • well know species: day lily (A) tiger lily (A) Canada lily Gray’s lily wood lily But…water lilies are ____ from this family (Nymphaeaceae)

4. Lily Family flowering parts patterns • ________ and ________ • Often, the petals and sepals are the same color • Often, the petals and sepals are the same shape 2 3 1 3 1 2

5. Lily Family flowering parts patterns • Thus, with color and size often matching, it _________ they have 6 petals and no sepals… • …but they don’t …it is still 3 petals, 3 sepals Canada lily

6. Lily Family “inside” flowering parts patterns • __________— all same approx. height • Pistilwith _____ stigma Stigma top noticeably _______ 3 2 4 1 5 6 perennial pepperweed

7. Lily Family leaf pattern • ________ veins

8. Lily Family “key” • __ petals and __ sepals— and they _________! day lily(A) tiger lily (A) Canada lily Michigan lily white trout lily wild oats (sessile bellwort) Indian cucumber root Solomon’s seal

9. Turk’s-cap lily Michigan lily White trout lily note “__________” note “________” on leaf

10. Solomon’s seal Indian cucumber root Flowers and fruit “______ the stalk…not at terminal end note “2 whorls of leaves ”…3-4 at top, 6 or more bottom

11. Lily Family • Could be confused with iris family (Iridaceae)…but irises only have __ stamens—not 6 Stamens not easily visible in irises…often __________

12. Mallow Family • TAXONICALLY: ____________ annuals, biennials, perennial herbs and forbs • well know species: common mallow swamp rose mallow hollyhock hibiscus cotton

13. Mallow Family flower patterns • __ separate petals • a ________________ 2 1 3 5 4

14. Mallow Family flower patterns • 5 separate petals • a column of stamens this is the ______ …that appears “fused” with stamens

15. Mallow Family sepals and bracts • 3-5 partially “united” ______ • sepals often surrounded by several ______

16. Mallow Family _____________ texture ________ any plant part and rub between fingers….result: ________ texture

17. Mallow Family – miscellaneous • Only known species in this family that is poisonous: __________ • Most of the rest are edible (and many have medicinal uses) • ____ plants

18. Mallow Family “key” • 5 separate petals, column of stamens prickly mallow globe mallow

19. Sunflower (Aster) Family • TAXONICALLY: ____________ (previously Compositae) • Predominately annual herbs and forbs • well know species: aster! sunflowers! ironweed chicory goldenrods

20. Aster (Sunflower) Family flower head patterns • ____________ flowers in ________ heads ___________ flower with ___________

21. TOP UNDER Composite Flower stalk / stem

22. Aster family Individual flower _________ 5 stamens fused 5 petals fused together at the base to ~ 50% upward ________ hair = sepals _____= seed (think sunflower seed)

23. blue-stemmed goldenrod purple coneflower blanket flower lance-leaved coreopsis

24. Aster (Sunflower) Family key ID: composite flowers in disk-like heads purple stemmed aster mature sunflower head

25. Aster (Sunflower) Family additional “tips” • Presence of _______ layers of bracts • Some have ___________ flowers (yarrow)

26. Aster (Sunflower) Family Miscellaneous • _________ seed producers (think annuals!) • Many have seeds with prickles, bristle, or soft hairs that aid in ____________…think cockleburs, agrimonies, stick-tights • Mostly are ___ plants, some are ___ plants

27. Aster (Sunflower) Family • ___ most number of species (___________ is #1) • _____ species in temperate ecosystems (i.e. NA) cup plant chicory

28. Grass Family (again) • TAXONICALLY: _________ annuals and perennials • well know species: corn milo (sorghum) wheat barley “grasses”

29. Grass Family 1 • grass plants maintain 3 defining characteristics from other members of the plant kingdom: ________________ emerge between the bracts on leaf-less stems leaves on grass plants take on a __________ and stretch out long and slender. At the stem, these leaves cling tightly and form a type of ________. the _____________________in the center. The nodes, or joints, along the stem also appear swollen. 2 3

30. Poaceae C D • Herbaceous or seldom woody • Stems often rhizomatous and/or with erect culms (A, shoots) • Stems round, hollow, with nodes (B) • Leaves linear, with parallel venation, sheathing, with ligule at top of sheath • Inflorescences with terminal and axillary spikelets (C), subtended by bracts (glumes) • Flowers without sepals and petals • Spike (awn) often present on bracts • Stamens and ovary hidden inside bracts (D), called palea and lemma B C A

31. Poaceae • When flowering, styles and anthers hanging out from spikelets • Stamens 3 • Style often branched and plumose (feather-like) • Fruit a one-seeded ____ (caryopsis)