Network-Centric Battlefield Operations

1. Network-Centric Battlefield Operations AIAA Team 3 -Mike Lunsford -Paul Koerner

2. Overview • Definition of Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) • Why do we need it? • Previous Operations • Future of network centric battlefields • How military transports fit into the battlespace • Conclusion

3. What is NCW? • Network-Centric Warfare • Commonly called Network-Centric Operations (NCO) • An emerging theory of war in the Information Age • Using information to gain competitive edge • A networked force performing network-centric operations • Networked force for information sharing • Increased situational awareness • Enhanced speed of command • Networking sensors, decision makers, and shooters

4. Defining the Battlespace Bad Guys Good Guys Sensors to collect: • Navigation Systems (GPS) • Transmit current position & receive relevant position info on others • Embedded sensors • Status on fuel, ammo remaining • Vehicle loading and use (maintenance) • Weather sensors • Environment • Intelligence • Surveillance • Reconnaissance

5. Global Information Grid (GIG) “Will provide the joint and coalition warfighter with a single, end-to-end information system capability… allowing users to access shared data and applications regardless of location, and is supported by a robust network/information-centric infrastructure.” • Integrated • Interoperable • Between platforms • Joint operations • Coalition forces • World wide network • Secure • Owned and leased • Operating locations: bases, posts, camps, stations, facilities, mobile platforms, and deployed sites Supports all DoD, national security, and related intelligence community missions and functions (strategic, operational, tactical, and business), in war and in peace.

6. Why do we need it? • DoD initiative that draws upon the work of many military strategists and policy theorists • Changing battlespace • Urban warfare • 50% of the world’s population now live in cities • Fastest urban growth occurs in developing countries where conflicts are likely to occur • Lessons learned from Iraq and Afghanistan • Need for targeting, precision, and situational awareness

7. Previous Operations • Platform-centric operations • Voice Communication • No Data Communication • Nothing Integrated

8. Future of NCO • Army: Future Combat Systems • Navy: ForceNet • Air Force: ConstellationNet • Improved communications systems • T-Sat • Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)

9. Future Combat Systems Building Blocks • System-of-Systems Common Operating Environment (SOSCOE) • Standards based architecture and administrative applications • Battle Command (BC) software • Mission planning, understanding, execution • Communication and Computers (CC) • Dissemination of information from sensors, processors, warfighters • Intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance (ISR) systems • Situational awareness, enhance survivability, precision networked fires, maintain contact throughout engagement

10. Future Combat Systems Fielded by 2014. Cost estimate: $300 billion • UGS • Perimeter defense, surveillance, target acquisition, chemical, bio, radiological nuclear early warning • NLOS-LS • Self contained tactical firing with 15 loitering attack or precision attack missiles • Class I UAV • Controlled by dismounted soldiers provides recon, surveillance, target acquisition. (weighs less than 15lbs). • MULE • Multifuntional Utility/Logistics Equipment vehicle, autonomous. Can be either: assault, transport, mine detector vehicle. The Soldier Class I UAV UGS MULE NLOS-C NLOS-LS

11. JTRS A waveform is the entire set of radio and/or communications functions that occur from the user input to the radio frequency output and vice versa. There are 9 JTRS waveforms: • Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW) • Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) • Joint Airborne Networking–Tactical Edge (JAN-TE) • Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) • SINCGARS • Link-16 • EPLRS • High Frequency (HF) • UHF SATCOM Cost per Unit: $10,000 to $270,000

12. T-Sat Transformational Satellite Communications System • The space element of the GIG • 5 highly advanced communications in geosynchronous orbit • Will provide both laser and radio com • Crosslinked with other space platforms, airborne, land-based, and sea-based platforms • Demand for satcom bandwidth to support military ops has increased from 100Mbps (Gulf War) to 3,200Mbps (Iraq) • First launch planned for 2013-2015 time frame Fact: A visual image from a UAV that would take 2 minutes to process with the Milstar II satellite system would take less than a second with TSAT

13. Combat Track II Electronic Flight Bag Performance Calculations Electronic Documents/Charts Maximize Safety Advanced Wireless Open Data System Current C-17 Network

14. Concluding remarks • Information superiority • See first, understand first, act first, and finish decisively • Smaller, lighter, more mobile force with more firepower • Interoperable between platforms and forces • Ambitious undertaking

15. References • http://www.rockwellcollins.com/news/gallery/gov/communications/page2993.html • http://enterprise.spawar.navy.mil/body.cfm?type=c&category=27&subcat=80 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-centric_warfare • http://www.dodccrp.org/publications/pdf/Alberts_NCW.pdf • http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2005/04/lockheed-gets-another-417m-for-tsat/index.php • http://www.mitre.org/news/the_edge/july_01/miller.html • http://www.defensetech.org/archives/cat_space.html • http://www.army.mil/fcs/index.html • Canan, James W. “The T-Sat Edge.” Aerospace America. Jan. 2006. 39-43. • http://www.dodccrp.org/publications/pdf/Alberts_NCW.pdf • http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/02spring/murdock.htm • http://www.oft.osd.mil/library/library_files/document_387_NCW_Book_LowRes.pdf • http://www.defensetech.org/archives/cat_fcs_watch.html

16. Questions?