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Napoleon Lecture 3

Under British influence, the alliance of governments that allied against Napoleon would meet at the congress ... Patriotism is a strong form of nationalism e.g. flags, national ...

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Napoleon Lecture 3

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  1. Napoleon Lecture 3

  2. The Congress of Vienna 1814 - 1815 • With the fall of Napoleon, Louis XVIII would back into power and would be supported by foreign troops. • Under British influence, the alliance of governments that allied against Napoleon would meet at the congress of Vienna (1 year before Waterloo) • Much of Europe went back to to the way it had been and Britain worked hard to ensure that there was a “balance of power”. • However, the desire for freedom would lead to new revolutions and the birth of nationalism

  3. What is Nationalism? • Nationalism is “a feeling of pride or love for one’s country” • The 19th century (1800’s) was a century of national building based on nationalism Napoleonic Empire, 1811: France in dark blue, satellite states in light Blue. Many of the territories occupied by Napoleon during his Empire began to feel a new sense of nationalism. During the occupation, Napoleon destroyed and disallowed many nation's individual cultures, and the people of these nations greatly resented this.

  4. Types of Nationalism • Patriotism – what is it? • Patriotism is a strong form of nationalism e.g. flags, national anthems (USA) • Chauvinism? – what is it? • “fanatical nationalism” • Boastful, unreasoning and militant devotion to one’s country

  5. Napoleon and Nationalism • Napoleon helped to inspire the idea of “one people”, creating a nation • People wanted nations of their own (peoples customs, language) • Austria had many different languages and cultures, Napoleon used this to his advance to defeat Austria • Even after Napoleon was gone, nationalism remained a strong force, roots in the French Revolution The Austrian Empire

  6. Revolution Spreads • 1848 – 1849 Revolutions swept through Europe – people protested corrupt governments, poor working conditions, foreign rule • All would fail • However, 2 would become successful a few years later – nationalism would help unite Germany in 1871, Italy in 1861, would then unify completely in 1878 The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent.

  7. What is Imperialism? • Control or domination by a powerful nation (USA) over a weaker 3rd or 2nd, or backward nation in the areas of political, economic, or cultural life (Iraq) • The Industrial Revolution fuelled Imperialism. Why? • Raw materials • Land • Religion • Markets

  8. Types of Imperialism • Economic – need for cheap markets to sell products of the industrial revolution • Political – a land grab – more land equals greater power. “The sun never sets on the British Empire” • Strategic – a global location of military value – Alaska, Hawaii – USA • Religion – “White man’s burden”. Europeans thought they were superior, wanted to save the nation from pagan gods

  9. Militarism • Militarism: The stockpiling or building up supplies of weapons of war • 1945 – 1991 Cold War – USSR and USA

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