Portable Computer system Design and Packaging Issues

1. Portable Computer system Design and Packaging Issues Professor Jong Won Park 2000년 봄

2. Global Markets for Portable Computers $ Billions

3. Portability Issues • It뭩 the power, stupid!! • Batteries • Weight, volume determine lifetime • 20 W-hrs per pound • 2 pounds, 10 hours = 2 W power consumption! • Power consumption: CV2 • Reduce C by increased VLSI integration and MCM technology • Reduce V to lower operating voltages: 5 V to 3.3V to 2.5V and below • Reduce ?by reducing clock frequency, standby and suspend power modes • Intelligent operation: spin-down disk drives

4. 200 150 Li Poly 100 Li Ion Watt-hours per kg Dell Latitude 50 NiMH NiCd Apple Powerbooks Lighter 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Watt-hours per liter Smaller Battery Technology • Other Battery Types: • Lead Acid • Nickel Zinc • Rechargeable Alkaline-Manganese • Zinc Air

5. Battery Technology • Nickel-Cadmium • Most widely used • Require cylindrical steel cylinders containing hazardous liquid electrolytes • Lithium Polymer • Solid electrolyte • Formed to fill available space Cadmium-oxide Anode Liquid Sodium-hydroxide electrolyte between coils Nickel Hydroxide Cathode Sealing tape Lithium alloy anode Solid polymer electrolyte Carbon-oxide cathode Sealing tape

6. Smart Battery Specification • Collaboration of Duracell and Intel • Better visibility of battery state: • How much operating time is left? • Enough power to perform certain tasks, like disk spin-up? • Universal smart battery chargers, independent of battery chemistry • State information, like number of recharges, stored with battery

7. Smart Battery Specification Power Supply Vcc, +12V, -12V DC (unregulated/battery) Vbatt Thermistor System Host Smart Battery Smart Charger AC-DC Converter AC SMBus Critical Events Critical Events Charging Voltage & Current Requests Battery Data & Status Requests

8. Some PDA Product Parameters Batteries Display Mem Size MHz Proc # Hrs Type lbs. Pixels sq in 128 KBytes 640 KBytes 1 MByte 1 MByte 640 KBytes 20 20 20 7.4 20 Z-80 ARM ARM 8086 ARM 40 6-8 50 100 20 0.9 0.9 1.25 1.0 0.9 10.4 11.2 11.8 12.4 11.2 240x320 240x336 240x320 320x256 240x336 Armstad Pen Pad PDA 600 Apple Newton Message Pad Apple Newton 110 Pad Casio Z-7000 Sharp Expert Pad 3 AAs 4 AAAs 4 AAs 3 AAs 4 AAAs

9. Some PDA Product Parameters Batteries Display Mem Size MHz Proc # Hrs Type lbs. Pixels sq in 1 MByte 4-12 MBytes 4-16 MBytes 8 20 33+ 8086 Hobbit 486 100 1-6 1-6 1.0 2.2 5-10 12.4 25.7 40 320x256 640x480 640x480 Tandy Z-550 Zoomer AT&T EO 440 Pers Comm Portable PC 3 AAs NiCd NiCd

10. Anatomy of a PDA 3.3V LCD Panel Maxim 722 3.3V LCD Regulator Motorola S371019 A/D Converter Pen Digitizer LM358 Amp PCMCIA Slot Casio 킦D95130 CPU, Display Cntl 7.37 MHz Oscillator Casio MBC 25173 PCMCIA Cntl Uart RTC Audio A/D Cntl System Peripherals Maxim 223 Lvl Converter Serial Port 4M x 8 Mask ROM (4@1Mx8) 8086 Core IR Photodector IR Emitting LED Sys/User Mem 1M x 8 (2@512Kx8) NEC 65043 4400 Gates 4 KBits RAM Core Logic 밎lue Logic Casio/Tandy Zoomer 135 mW heavy processing 55 mW in low power idle 0.5 mW when 뱋ff

11. Processor Cores for PDAs • Intel • Polar chip set • 386 processor core • System logic and peripheral interfaces • Runs Windows or DOS • Draco chip set • 2 chip system based on low power 486 • AMD Elan • 386SC, incorporates all logic for simple PDA on chip • Motorola Dragon • 68349 = 68020 core + 6K on-chip memory + system logic • Astro PDA system logic chip

12. Other Commercial Developments • NEC V800 Architecture • 16-bit & 32-bit instructions to improve code density and reduce memory accesses • V805, 810 basic CPUs with small on-chip cache • V820 integrates simple system logic • V810 used in Nintendo CD-ROM systems • Hitachi SH7000 Architecture • SH7032, 7034 on-chip RAM, ROM, simple system logic • New architecture: 16-bit instructions only (32-bit datapaths) • Used in Sega game systems

13. Some PDA Processor Comparisons Intel AT&T Hobbit AMD Polar 33 MHz 6 MIPS 2K 22A,16D 3.3 V 550 mW 3 1 2 none 640 x 480 none shared 600 mW $58 1Q94 Elan 33 MHz 6 MIPS none 22A,16D 3.3 V 550 mW 1 2 1 1 640 x 480 none separate 550 mW $49 2Q94 92020S 20 MHz 16 MIPS 6K 32 A,32 D 3.3 V 210 mW 4 3 3 none 640 x 480 1024 x 768 separate 530 mW $101 1Q94 92020M 20 MHz 13.5 MIPS 6K 32 mux뭗 3.3 V 250 mW 3 2 3 none 640 x 480 1024 x 768 separate 490 mW $80 1Q94 92020MX 20 MHz 11.5 MIPS 3K 32 mux뭗 3.3 V 290 mW 2 1 3 none 640 x 480 none shared 390 mW $63 1Q94 Clock Rate Drystone MIPS On-Chip Cache Memory Bus Voltage CPU Power Number of Chips PCMCIA Slots Serial Ports Parallel Ports LCD Support CRT Support Frame Buffer Chip Set Power Chip Set Price Availability

14. Some PDA Processor Comparisons ARM 700/710 20 MHz 18 MIPS 3V 120mW none 64 entry none none 8K cache 32 mux뭗 341,000 46 mm2 0.8? 2M $15 $35 2Q94 Hobbit 92020S 20 MHz 16 MIPS 3.3V 210mW none 64 entry none none 6K cache 32A,32D 640,000 125 mm2 0.6? 2M $25 $37 1Q94 NEC V810 16 MHz 11.5 MIPS 3.3V 100mW FPU none none none 1K cache 32A,32D 240,000 53 mm2 0.8? 2M $12 $20 3Q93 NEC V820 25 MHz 18 MIPS 5V 750mW FPU none some serial 1K cache 32A,32D 380,000 114 mm2 0.8? 2M $35 $80 1Q94 Hitachi SH7032 12.5 MHz 10 MIPS 3.3V 130mW MAC none some some 8K RAM 16 mux뭗 593,000 92 mm2 0.8? 2M $20 $32 4Q93 Clock Rate Drystone MIPS Voltage CPU Power On-chip Math On-chip MMU System Logic Peripherals On-Chip Mem External Bus Transistors Die Area IC Process Est Manu Cost CPU Price (10K) Vol. Availability Approx. 486-33 performance

15. Some PDA Processor Comparisons ARM 610 20 MHz 11 MIPS 5V 500mW none 32 entry none none 4K cache 32 mux뭗 359,000 71 mm2 1.0? 2M $13 $20 2Q93 Motorola 68349 16 MHz 6 MIPS 3.3V 300mW none none yes serial 6K mixed 32A,32D 550,000 98 mm2 0.8? 2M $23 $28 4Q93 Intel Polar 33 MHz 6 MIPS 3.3V 550mW none yes yes many 2K cache 22A,16D 910,000 138 mm2 0.8? 3M $35 $50 1Q94 AMD Elan 386SC 33 MHz 6 MIPS 3.3V 550mW none yes yes many none 32A,16D 335,000 ?? 0.7? 2M approx $30 $49 2Q94 Clock Rate Drystone MIPS Voltage CPU Power On-chip Math On-chip MMU System Logic Peripherals On-Chip Mem External Bus Transistors Die Area IC Process Est Manu Cost CPU Price (10K) Vol. Availability

16. Typical Laptop Power Consumption 1.8 in PCMCIA hard drive Cell telephone (active) Cell telephone (inactive) Infrared network PCMCIA modem, 14.4 kbps PCMCIA modem, 9.6 kbps PCMCIA modem, 2.4 kbps GPS receiver 0.7-0.3 W 5.400 0.300 0.250 1.365 0.625 0.565 0.670 Base System (2 MB, 25 MHz) Base System (2 MB, 10 MHz) Base System (2 MB, 5 MHz) Screen backlight Hard drive motor Math co-processor Floppy drive External keyboard LCD screen Hard drive active IC card slot Additional Mem (per MB) Parallel port Serial port 3.650 W 3.150 2.800 1.425 1.100 0.650 0.500 0.490 0.315 0.125 0.100 0.050 0.035 0.030

17. Power Consumption Compaq LTE 386/s20 8% 5% 10% 1% 31% 35%

18. InfoPad Power Consumption 1.25 W .075 W .175W 3.0 W 2.4 W 2.1 W

19. InfoPad Power Consumption Power (mW) 1.5 65 55 175/15.8 297/137 Power (mW) 550 525 390 0 25 1490 ARM I/F RX Chip TX SRAM Other (5V/1.5V) Custom Total Backlight? Text/Graphics LCD 12 DC -> 1000 AC 5 DC -> 12 DC 5 DC -> -18 DC TG Display Total Video LCD 5 DC -> 1000 AC 5 DC -> -8 DC 9 DC -> 5 DC Vid Display Total + Other I/O = 500 mW Plessey Downlink Proxim Uplink Xilinx EEPROM A/D Converter Radio Total ARM Speed PAL (old/new) EPROM Octal Buffer SRAM ARM 60 20 MHz Crystal Buffer Clock Inverters ARM Total Yes 2600 500 625 75 3800 No 550 0 0 75 550 2.5 MHz 1495/400 115 80 0 22 45 40 175 1972/877 10 MHz 1495/400 0 0 600 120 45 40 175 2475/1380 2580 425 75 770 3900