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Societal Bilingualism Haiti

Societal Bilingualism Haiti. Group 2 Marisol, Suzie, Barbara, Jeanette and Nancy. Bonus slide. Instructions:. Place it wherever you believe it is best suited. Keep in mind content when making a decision. Maps. History. Explored Haiti. History of the language. Colonized by. Economy.

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Societal Bilingualism Haiti

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  1. Societal BilingualismHaiti Group 2 Marisol, Suzie, Barbara, Jeanette and Nancy

  2. Bonus slide • Instructions: • Place it wherever you believe it is best suited. Keep in mind content when making a decision.

  3. Maps

  4. History • Explored Haiti History of the language • Colonized by..

  5. Economy • Emerging Society • Natural Resources • Type of Economy

  6. Government Structure (Politics) • I would label this slide as perhaps the sociopolitical. It depends of course upon what you present, most of which I don’t see yet. • The primary language taught in schools is French • Poverty, lack of economic opportunity, and weak governmental institutions contributed to widespread corruption. • Most schools in Haiti have minimal government support, lack qualified instructors, expensive

  7. Language French • Haitian Creole • H(igh) domain • Taught in schools • Educated mulattoes • L(ow) domain • Mother tongue • Pidgin of FR colonist & African slaves • Negative connotations

  8. Language (cont.) • Diglossic without bilingualism • French & Creole different • Majority monolingual vs small bilingual Elites • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3PZXhbfbHE&list=WL&index=4 • Changing views of Haitian Creole • 1950 movement • 1979 Creole instruction in primary Education • 1987 Creole official language • Language for economic and political power (Language policy)

  9. Education • Primarily taught in French • DeGraff – linguistic MIT professor (translanguing) • Language shift – short supply of textbooks • Lekol Kominatote Matenwa (LKM) school model & World Bank

  10. Let’s go back • Tardieu, Fouchard, Fass (1980) • Colonial Education • Class-based social system and Christianize the slaves • Maroon Education • Slave community • African Identity and Heritage • Worship, healing, communication, social relations • Knowledge of French

  11. Structure of the Reform Edu. • 9 years of basic schooling • Cycle 1: 1-4th grade 2: 5-6 grade 3: 7-9th grade • Tested after 6, 9,12,13th grades • 1991: President Jean Betrand Aristide

  12. EDU Cont. • UNDP Survey • 25< 4.9 yrs of education • 29% attend secondary school Minimal Gov’t support, lack of qualified teachers and are expensive 80% managed by non-Giv’t organization, churches, communities and for profit operators 50% educators lack or received pre-service training

  13. Edu. Resolutions • HAC English Lang Program focus on conversational English to increase translators, resulted from the catastrophe of Sandy • Fall 2011 MENFP; Gov’t of Haiti’s Ministry of National Education and Vocational Training • Initiative 1.5 mil students in school by 2016 • Increase instructors training • U.S Agency for International Development (USAID) • The All Children Reading Project AKA Tout Timoun Ap Li (ToTAL) • Room to Learn

  14. Religion • Voudou (Voodoo)- (official) • Imported by slaves; Doctrine Christiana (Blier) • Ayizo language • Ioua or Miste; inherited through maternal and paternal • Emotion, depression, devastations, etc • Catholic Protestant (official) • Se ́izisman (Seized-up ness)

  15. Religion Cont. • http://www.cpc.unc.edu/news/features/hope-for-haiti/Mooney_Religions_clip.mp3/view

  16. Immigration • Migration: D.R., U.S., Canada and Caribbean island (economical and political reasons) • Exploited because of language barrier and discriminated against • American Haitians adapt and assimilate to the American culture

  17. Demographics:Haiti’s Population • Haiti averages approximately 255 people per kilometer. Its population is concentrated most heavily in urban areas, coastal plains, and valleys. The nation is multi-cultural, home to peoples of different races and ethnic groups. About 70-75% of Haitians are of African descent. • The remainder of the population is primarily “mulattoes”, which are Asians and Arabs. There are many Hispanic residents in Haiti as well, but most of them are Cuban and Dominican. More than half of the Haitian population live in rural areas.

  18. Haiti's Population • Haiti's population was estimated at 6,867,995 in July 2000, showing a growth rate of 1.39 percent and a total rise of 36 percent since the last official census of 1982, when the population stood at 5,053,792. The country's demographic statistics reveal the effect of extreme poverty and an HIV/AIDS epidemic. • These conditions have reduced life expectancy to 49.2 years, contributed to high infant mortality and general death rates, and slowed population growth. At current growth rates, Haiti's population will stand at approximately 7 million in 2010.

  19. Haiti Population Clock • Current population 5 175 284 • Current male population (49.6%) 5 257 832 • Current female population (50.4%) 53 457 • Births this year 437 • Births today 17 987 • Deaths this year 147 • Deaths today -18 228 • Net migration this year -149 • Net migration today 17 242 • Population growth this year 141

  20. Haiti Government • Chief of State: President Michel Martelly • Head of Government: Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe • Government Name: Republic of Haiti • Constitution: Adopted in 1987; Established a semi-presidential republic and multiparty system, bilateral parliament, separation of powers among executive, legislative and judicial branches • Government Type: Republic

  21. Main Powers of Government • Executive: • The president and prime minister are responsible for constituting the executive branch of government. • Election Process: Absolute majority vote through a two round system. • Election Cycle • 5 years

  22. Judicial • Responsible for constituting the judicial branch of government. • Election Process: Appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the legislative branch. • Election Cycle:10 years

  23. Legislative • The senate and chamber of deputies are responsible for legislation and electing the president. • Election Process:30 seats in the senate are elected by an absolute majority vote through a two round system. The 99 seats of the chamber of deputies are elected through an absolute majority vote in single-member constituencies. • Election Cycle Senate: 6 years; Chamber of Deputies: 4 years

  24. International Relations • Foreign Policy Trends: Major donors include the United States, Canada, the EU, Spain, France, Brazil, Norway, Japan, and Venezuela. Cuba provides highly visible, low-cost medical and technical experts. Multilateral aid is provided by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the UN and its agencies. Most bilateral assistance is currently channeled through foreign aid agencies and non-governmental organizations. Haiti received approximately $1.2 billion in multilateral debt relief from the IDB and World Bank and 100% debt cancellation from bilateral donors in the Paris Club following completion of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) process in June 2009. Following the 2010 earthquake, multilateral organizations agreed to provide additional debt relief. • Regional Trade Blocs: CARICOM • Treaties: No multilateral military treaties

  25. References • BBC World News. Should Haiti replace French in Haiti’s schools? Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-14534703?print=true • Blier. Vodun: West African Roots of Vodou. In Consentino p.61-87 • Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2015). Haitian Creole. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/ 252006/Haitian-Creole • GreaterGood. (n.d.). The Other Side Campaign. Retrieved from https://www.greatergood.org/the-other-side-campaign/ • Haggerty, Richard A.. (n.d). Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress .Haiti: A Country Study. Retrieved from http://countrystudies. us/haiti/ • Haiti Partners. Haiti Statistics: Haiti by the Numbers. Retrieved from http://haitipartners.org/about-us/haiti-statistics/

  26. References • Schwartz, Timothy T. (n.d.). Culture of Haiti. Retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Haiti.html • Spears, Arthur K. & Berotte Joseph, Carole M. (2010). The Haitian Creole Language: History, Structure, Use, and Education. Maryland: Lexington Books. • Tardieu, L'education en Haiti de la Periode Coloniale a nos Jours. 1980 • The World Bank. (2013, Sept). Education for all in Haiti. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/09/03/education-haiti-teachers • UCLA Language Materials Project. Haitian Creole. Retrieved from http://lmp.ucla.edu/ Profile.aspx?menu= 004&LangID=2

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