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(EDUCATION)

INDIA AND THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (EDUCATION) NEW DELHI, 17JUNE 2004 MDGs RELATING TO EDUCATION Two of the MDG goals are related to education: Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education

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(EDUCATION)

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  1. INDIA AND THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (EDUCATION) NEW DELHI, 17JUNE 2004

  2. MDGs RELATING TO EDUCATION • Two of the MDG goals are related to education: • Goal 2:Achieve universal primary education • Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling • Goal 3:Promote gender equality and empower women • Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015

  3. EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA • Education a concurrent subject. • Education along with 28 other subjects now devolved to local bodies for implementation. • However extent of devolution varies from State to State • EE system has 190 million children in the age group of 6-14, 3.2 million teachers and about 1 million schools. • More than Rs 80,000 crores (Rs 800 billion) spent annually on Education in public sector, of which around 50% is on elementary education

  4. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION - A FACT SHEET 1951 2001 Increase Total Enrolment (Million) 22.3 158 7 times Enrolment of Girls (Million) 5.9 69 11 times 44% 1.6 times Girls enrolment in primary 28% Pri. & upper pri. schools 4 times 2,23,000 8,83667 6,24,000 33,96,000 Number of Teachers 5 times GER (Primary) 42% 96% 2.3 times 60% GER (Upper Primary) 12% 5 times Access to schools (1983) -- -- • Primary School (within 1 km.) 98% -- -- • UP School (within 3 kms.) 90% Literacy 17% 65% 4 times • Increased expenditure on education: 19 billion dollars in 2001-02, i.e. 4.1 % of GDP (up from 0.64 % in 1951-52) and 14% of annual budget (up from 8%) of Central and State Governments together - of which 50% is on elementary education

  5. a) Enrolment Upper Primary 2001 1951 2001 1951 Primary Figures in Million

  6. b) Gross Enrolment Ratio for Girls in %

  7. c) Share of Girls’ Enrolment in Total Enrolment % 2001 % Primary 1951 % 2001 % 1951 Upper Primary In %

  8. WHERE ARE WE VIS-A-VIS MDG GOALS • Completion of primary schooling by all children: • Still, out of 190 million children, around six million children are out of school • Of all children enrolled in Class I, 39% drop-out by Class V (as in 2001) • Gender equality in education • Difference between boys and girls indices still remains: Primary Upper Primary Secondary GER 18.4 15.7 10.5 Drop-out 1.5 4.0 4.4 rate (I-V) (I-VIII) (I-X) IMPROVING ENROLMENT, COMPLETION, GENDER PARITY A BIG CHALLENGE

  9. OTHER CHALLENGES • Student, Teacher attendance • Student attendance around 67% • Teacher attendance around 75% • Low levels of learning achievement. Need for improvement of quality. • Low participation of girls, tribals and hardest to reach groups (working children, urban deprived children, etc.). • Inadequate school infrastructure.

  10. OPPORTUNITIES • Interventions so far have brought the country to a stage from where UEE appears eminently feasible • Evidence of increased community participation in education, ensuring better planning, implementation and monitoring • Increased parental awareness and demand for education • Sense of urgency to achieve UEE both at provincial and national level. • Presence of political will and commitment towards this task

  11. SOLUTIONS EVOLVED TO MEET THE CHALLENGES • LEGAL FRAMEWORK PROVIDED BY MAKING ELEMENTARY EDUCATION A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT • SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA) STARTED TO MAKE THIS RIGHT EFFECTIVE • MID-DAY MEAL TO ALL CHILDREN (100 MILLION) IN PRIMARY SECTIONS, WITH EXPANSION UPTO SECONDARY IN A PHASED MANNER • CONTEXT SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS FOR DIFFERENT GROUPS

  12. EE AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT • A new Article 21A inserted in the Constitution, through Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002: 'The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manneras the State may, by law, determine.’ • CentralLegislation to make this Right operational under anvil • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the principle vehicle of Centre and States to fulfil their obligation

  13. SSA OBJECTIVES • All children in school, by 2003; • All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007 • All children complete eight years of elementary schooling by 2010 • Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life • Bridge all gender and social category gaps in primary by 2007 and elementary by 2010 • Universal retention by 2010

  14. OTHER SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES • Gender Specific programmes focussing on girls • Mahila Samakhya for women empowerment through education • Girls education as a SSA component for backward blocks • KBSV - residential schools for SC/ST/OBC girls • Teacher education scheme to improve quality of teacher support to elementary education • Mid-day meal scheme with the twin objective of increasing nutrition and enrolment • National Literacy Mission for non-literate adults. • Of which 60% are female learners

  15. Special Focus for Educationally Weaker States The ten educationally weaker States have received proportionately higher amount under SSA in 2002-04: (Rs million)

  16. FINANCIAL PROVISIONS • Tenth Plan allocation for Elementary Education is Rs 28750 crores (Rs 287.50 billion) • SSA allocation Rs 17000 crores (Rs 170 billion) against 10th Plan GOI requirement Rs 32000 crores (Rs 320 billion) • In addition, allocation for DPEP, MDM, TE, etc for a total amount of Rs 11750 crores (Rs 117.50 billion) • Allocation for EE in 2004-05: Rs 6000 crores (Rs 60 billion) • Further resource generation: • External Aid (Rs 4700 crores or Rs 47 billion so far) • Contribution by NGOs, Private sector and community at large • Cess for education ?

  17. TRACKING PROGRESS • Computerized Annual Educational Management Information System (EMIS) • Quarterly Project Management Information System (PMIS) on qualitative and quantitative indicators • Field monitoring through 42 Social Science Institutions and some financial management organisations

  18. THANK YOU Visit us at www.education.nic.in

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