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Soviet and Russian studies on seamount biology

P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS Moscow Russia. Soviet and Russian studies on seamount biology. A.N. Mironov T.N. Molodtsova N.V. Parin. Photo: Pisces VII, 1987. Study of seamounts in former USSR.

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Soviet and Russian studies on seamount biology

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  1. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS Moscow Russia Soviet and Russian studies on seamount biology A.N. MironovT.N. MolodtsovaN.V. Parin Photo: Pisces VII, 1987

  2. Study of seamounts in former USSR 1967 – RV “Astronom” reported previously unknown aggregations (evaluated as ~29 tons/km2 )of boarfish at junction of Imperor seamount chain and North Hawaiian Ridge (Boretz & Darnitsky, 1983) end of 1980s – about 300 seamounts examined as potential resource for fishing groundsin Atlantic, Pacific, South and Indian Ocean (studies often confined by acoustical methods to detect fish aggregations or 1-2 trawls)

  3. Study of seamounts in former USSR 1960s- beginning of 1980s performed mostly by VNIRO-framework: All-USSR Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Moscow Pacific Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) Vladivostok Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO) Murmansk Atlantic of Fisheries and Oceanography (AtlantNIRO) Kaliningrad Fishery stock survey framework (RYBPROMRAZVEDKA) 1977 Experimental Center for Marine Technologies “GIDRONAVT”(since 1991MARIECOPROM) Sebastopol Data obtained used as application fishery data only and little scientific results or syntheses published

  4. Thalassobathyal 1974. Andriashev. Zonation of seamounts based on fish fauna (in English: Andriashev A.P., 1977. Some additions to schemes of the vertical zonation of marine bottom fauna. In: G.A. Llano (ed.), Adaptations within Antarctic Ecosystems, pp. 351–360. Proc. 3d SCAR Symposium on Antarctic Biology. Washington.) Thalassobathyal Seamounts, guyots, mid-oceanic ridges and other shelflessoceanic rises down to 2000-2500 m Abyssal (after Andriashev, 1979)

  5. Study of seamounts in former USSR Since 1980s – increasing of academic interest to seamounts. Scientific cruises to seamounts. Establishment of scientific collections. Number of taxonomical data and syntheses published P.P.Shirshov institute of Oceanology AS (IORAS) Moscow Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (IBSS) Sebastopol Maximum of scientific studies - end of 1980s Crisis of seamount studies investigations with collapse of USSR Presently - VNIRO-framework (Russia) Fishery stock survey(Ukraina) Limited scientific activities (in a scope of larger programs)

  6. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Publications on seamount biology in press: A.N. Mironov, A.V. Gebruk, A.J. Southward (eds), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. Moscow, KMK Press in English

  7. 1 2 2 3 4 1. Seamounts of the NE Atlantic and Reykjanes Ridge 3. Seamounts of west Indian Ocean 2. Markus-Wake seamounts and Mid-Pacific mountains 4. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges Seamount biology studies in P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology

  8. NE Atlantic seamounts 1981 RV “Akademik Petrovsky”2ndcruise 1982 RV “Ikhtiandr”8th cruise 1982 RV “Vityaz II”2nd cruise RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” 1982 4th cruise (manned submersibles PiscesVII and PiscesXI) , 198918th cruise (PiscesVII and PiscesXI) 1992 28th cruise (manned submersibles MIR1 and MIR2) Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone (in scope of Mar-Eco CoML) RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” 2003 43th cruise (MIR1 and MIR2)

  9. Reykjanes Ridge Photos: MIR, 1987 Taxonomical groups studied: Polychaeta - Detinova, 1985; Scleractinia – Keller, 1985; Echinoidea -Mironov, 1985; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 2001; Antipatharia – Molodtsova, in press; Kuznetsov A.P., Detinova, N.N. 2001. Bottom fauna of the Reykjanes Ridge fauna. Composition and Structure of the Marine Bottom Biota. VNIRO Publ. p.6-18 (in English)

  10. Meteor seamount group Photo: Pisces – Atlantis smt Taxonomical groups studied: Gorgonaria, Pennatularia – Pasternak, 1995; Scleractinia – Keller, 1988, 1989, 1995, 2001; Bivalvia Septibranchia – Krylova, 1994, in press; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 2001, in press; Echinoidea – Mironov, 1985, in press, Markov, 1988, 1989; Crinoidea -Moskalev et al., 1983;Ophiuroidea – Litvinova, 2001; Cirripedia – Zevina & Kolbasov, 2001, Zevina & Poltarukha, in press;Tanaidacea – Kudinova-Pasternak, in press;Pisces – Shcherbatchev et al., 1985; Kukuev – 2004; A.N. Mironov, A.V. Gebruk, A.J. Southward (eds), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. Moscow, KMK Press(in press)

  11. 1983 RV “Akademik Kurchatov” 6th cruise 1983 RV “Rift” 2nd cruise 1988 RV ”Vityaz II” 17th cruise Some limited data 1984-1985 RV”Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” 7th cruise (Pisces VII & XI) Seamounts of western Indian Ocean Photo: Pisces - Error smt

  12. Saya de Malha Equator seamount Error seamount Seamounts of western Indian Ocean. Parin N.V., Nesis K.N., Sagaidachny A. Yu., Shcherbachev Yu.N., 1993. Fauna of Walters Shoals, a seamount in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Transactins (Trudy) of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. 128: 199-216. Detinova N.N., Sagaidachny A.Yu., 1994. Vertical distribution of bottom fauna on the slope of the Walters Shoal (Madagascar Ridge). Transactions (Trudy) of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. 129: 17-30. Walters Shoal Taxonomical groups studied: Spongia Hexactinellidae – Tabachnik, 1994; Scleractinia – Keller, 1994; Bivalvia Septibranchia – Krylova, 1994; Cephalopoda – Nesis, 1986, 1993; Decapoda – Zarenkov, 1994, Spiridonov, 1994; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 1994; Echinoidea -Mironov, 1985; Brachiopoda – Zezina, 2001; Pisces – Parin, Prutko, 1985; Shcherbatchev et al., 1986; Gorelova et. al., 1993; Kotlyar, 1993; Pakhorukov, Daniluk, 2002;

  13. Nazca Ridge Sala y Gomez Ridge Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges 1973 - RV “Poseidon” 1975 - RV “Astronom” 1975-1976 - RV “Gerakl” 1978 – RVs “Zvezda”, “Kommunar” 1981 – RV “Darvin” 1979-1983 – RVs “Ikhtiandr” and “Odissey” with manned submersible“Sever -2” 1982 - RV “Akademik Kurchatov” 1983-1985 - RV “Professor Mesyatsev” 1987 – RV “Professor Shtokman”

  14. Naska and Sala y Gomez Riges.Main material collected RV “Ikhtiandr” 5th cruise Aug.-Oct. 1979 6th cruise Aug.-Oct. 1980 trawls, visual observationsusing manned submersible (“Sever-2”) Photo: Pakhorukov,N.P. 1999. RV “Professor Shtokman” 18th cruise April-May 1987 bottom and mid-water trawls, baited traps, bottom and vertical long-line Photo: courtesy N.Kucheruk RV “Professor Shtokman” 18th

  15. 21 19 20 22 18 16 17 13 5 3 1 7 14 10 6 8 4 15 2 9 12 11 Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Seamounts sampled. After Parin et al., 1997 6 Pervomayskaya (Mayday) 7 Zhemchuzhnaya (Pearl) 8 Yantarnaya (Amber) 9 Zapadnaya (Western) 10 Baral 11 Dlinnaya (Long) 12 Bolshaya (Great) 13 Kommunar (Communard) 14 Novaya (New) 15 Dorofeev (South) • Albert • 17 Ikhtiandr (South Tropic) • 18 Ekliptika (Ecliptic) • 19 Professor Mesyatzev • 20 Zvezda (Star) • 21 Nachalnaya (Initial) • 22 Soldatov 1 Igolnaya (Needle) 2 Utes (Rock) 3 Ichthyologists 4 Stolbovaya (Pillar) 5 Kupol (Cupole)

  16. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Parin N.V., Mironov A.N., Nesis K.N., 1997. Biology of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Composition and distribution of the fauna, its communities, and history. Advances in Marine Biology, 32: 145–242 Scleractinia – Keller, 2001; Gastropoda – Kantor & Sysoev, 1992; Sysoev, 1990 Portunidae – Galil & Spiridonov, 1998 Parapaguridae – Zhadan, 1997

  17. 21 19 20 22 18 16 17 13 5 3 1 7 14 10 6 8 4 Photos: courtesy A.N. Mironov RV “Professor Shtokman” 18th cruise 15 2 9 12 11 Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Dominant groups.  Projasus ●Stereocidaris ▼ Spongia after Parin et al., 1997

  18. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Biogeographic boundaries. Latidunal transects (60 invertebrate genera) 77% genera have distributional boundaries between 87-83ºW Faunal similarity Haeker & Dice index: D(X,Y)=a/[a + min (b,c) Invertebrates (167 spp) Fish fauna Parin et al., 1997

  19. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Endemism and faunistic relationship. Invertebrates. at species level 81 endemic species reported (76 spp. in Parin et. al. , 1997) No endemics east of 83ºW. Only 4 of endemic species known both east and west of 83ºW at generic level 2 supposedly endemic genera (1.6% vs. 3% reported by Parin et al., 1997) - Pseudoplectella Tabachnik, 1990 (Hexactinellidae) - Cribrosoconcha Krylova 1991 ( Bivalvia Septibranchia) Schripsechinus Allison et al., 1967 (Echinoidea) – also reported from San Felix Is Pseudobathytanais Kudinova-Pasternak1990 (Tanaidacea) – recently reported also from southeastern Australian continental slope (Larsen, K. & Heard, R.W. ,2001).

  20. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Endemism and faunistic relationship. Invertebrates. after Parin et al., 1997, with additions

  21. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Endemism. Fish fauna. 70 endemic species reported – 41,2% (previously reported by Parin et al. – 44.2%) 5 endemic species reported only east of 83º W: Mollisquama parini Dolganov Facciolella castlei Parin & Karmovskaya Gaidropsarus parini Svetovidov Caelorinchus immaculatus Sazonov&Iwamoto Plagiogeneion geminatus Parin Most of endemic species belong to Macrouridae (9 spp.) and Moriidae (6 spp.) Number of families represented only by endemic species:Torpedinidae, Ophichthidae, Nettastomatidae, Congridae, Argentinidae, Photichthyidae, Sternoptychidae, Aulopidae, Gadidae, Chaunacidae, Ogcocephalidae, Polymixiidae, Pentacerotidae, Percophidae 3 supposedly endemic genera (2.3%): Mollisquama Dolganov (Squalidae)Anatolantias Anderson, Parin & Randal(Serranidae) Dactylopsaron Parin & Belyanina (Percophidae)

  22. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Endemism and faunistic relationship. 24 spp. reported also from other regions: Hawaii (16 spp.) Southern Japan (11 spp.) New Caledonia (5 spp.), Philippines (5 spp.) Australia (4 spp.) High affinity at generic level with Southern Japan (85%) Hawaii (74%) Southeastern Australa (77%) Number of fish genera in the fauna of Nazca &Sala y Gomez ridges (down to 800m depth) that occur in other regions after Parin et al., 1997, with additions

  23. Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges. Biogeographical position Based on invertebrate fauna Sala y Gomezian province of IWP region: Sala y Gomez Ridge from 83ºW to ~101ºW (Mironov&Detinova, 1990) Nasca Ridge – part of subcontinental EP unit Based on fish fauna Nazcaplatensis Province of IWP region: Sala y Gomez & Nazca ridges+ (?) sublittoral and upperbathyal zone ofSan Felix, San Ambrosio, Juan Fernandez,Sala y Gomes and Easter Is., excluding coastal shallow-water fauna Panamian Province (EPR) Eastern boundary of IWP region Galapagos Province (EPR) Nazcaplatensis Province (NP) Peruvian Province (EPssR) Central Chilean Province (EPssR) Rapanuiian Province (R) Juan Fernandez Province (EPssR) East boundary of Sala-y-Gomezian province (Parin et al. 1997)

  24. Zoning of sublittoral and upper bathyal(Mironov, 1994) Meridional assimetry in limits of distribution of eastern and western panthalassic species (shifted to east in Atlantic and Pacific and to west in Indian Ocean) Bondary zones - zones outlining areals of western (A.&P) or eastern (IO) pantalassic taxa Exotic regions – with great number of endemics and exotic taxa (absent in adjacent areas) faunistic boundaries between subcontinental and oceanic subordinate regions boundaries of oceanic exotic regions zone of oceanic exotic regions (limit for both western and eastern panthalassic taxa) winter isotherms of surface water 10 and 20ºC (supposed to correspond to boundaries between oceanic subordinate regions

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