The Arrival Of Macedonia: Phillip II And Alexander The Great

1. The Arrival Of Macedonia: Phillip II And Alexander The Great

2. The Northern Greeks: The Macedonians • Kingdom of Macedonia was north of Greece • Macedonians were considered barbaric and not worthy of Greek attention • Macedonians had their own problems dealing with invasions from Europe and constant fighting amongst themselves

4. Phillip II • 359 B.C. Phillip Of Macedonia assumes power • Skilled politician and master of Greek warfare who seeks to exploit weaknesses of many Greek poleis • He is skilled and daring enough to seize the entire Greek peleponese

5. Phillip II • Army of Macedonia had many strengths • Army was based on heavy and light cavalry supported by hoplite phalanxes • Phalanx consisted of Greek soldiers in a tight formation of shields and long lances • Macedonians breed for war

7. Phillip II • Phillip of Macedonia controls Greece by 339 B.C. through conquest and by promising to remove Persian presence from Greece • He assassinated before daughters wedding in 338 B.C. (alleged that Alexander had role in his death) • Alexander assumes throne at 20 years of age

8. Alexander The Great • Alexander is an experienced commander and determined to prove himself • Calls for Greek troops but is ignored by Greek poleis • Massacres the polis Thebes in 335 B.C.to send a message • His army swells with Greek troops who fear him

9. Alexander The Great • Alexander invades Persia and at Battle of The Granicus 334B.C. defeats an army of 110,000 • He moves into Egypt and is proclaimed pharaoh • Builds the famous lighthouse of Alexandria • Considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World

10. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest • Alexander seeks to conqueror Babylon in 334 B.C. • Persian Emperor Darius fails to stop the Greeks from moving into the heart of his kingdom • 331 B.C. Battle of Issus Alexander crushes the Persian army led by Darius who flees the field of battle • Darius is eventually killed by own troops to appease Alexander

11. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest • Alexander conquerors the Persian empire and becomes infatuated with Persian life • Convinced he is destined to conqueror the world • He conquerors Afghanistan and Pakistan until he ventures into India past the Indus River Valley • India proves to be more than a challenge

12. Alexander the Greats Victory at Hydaspes River, 326 B.C.

14. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest • Alexander’s army refuses to go any further • He seeks to punish his men by returning through the deserts of Pakistan and loses 50% of his men • Returns to Babylon by 324 B.C. and seeks to merge the Greek and Persian empires into one

15. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest • 323 B.C. Alexander seeks to cross into Arabia and beyond • The Greek army is exhausted and on the brink of mutiny • Alexander mysteriously dies before his plans are complete • Death is a mystery

16. The Significance Of Alexander • A magnificent general and leader whose accomplishments of war are still studied • He helped spread Greek culture throughout the Middle East • He built over 70 cities along trade routes using Greek style including bathes and gymnasiums which contribute to cultural exchange

17. The Significance Of Alexander • Introduced the Hellenistic Age it was the mixture of Greek and Persian culture that produced new ideas on civilization • This lead to the birth of cosmopolitan cities • Shortcoming was that he was not concerned with ruling an empire