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Alcohol Metabolism

Alcohol Metabolism. Jill Conan Carrie Darr Leanne Phillips . Alcohol. Also known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol Considered the same whether beverage is wine, beer or hard liquor Classified as a food but contains empty calories. Not digested like other foods

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Alcohol Metabolism

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  1. Alcohol Metabolism Jill Conan Carrie Darr Leanne Phillips

  2. Alcohol • Also known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol • Considered the same whether beverage is wine, beer or hard liquor • Classified as a food but contains empty calories

  3. Not digested like other foods It can go directly into the bloodstream Alcohol absorption throughout the GI tract It is quickly distributed throughout the body Alcohol Digestion

  4. Alcohol Absorption • Can be absorbed into the bloodstream at: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine

  5. Absorption in the Stomach • About 20% to 25% is absorbed • Factors that influence absorption: the rate of intake presence of food the rate of gastric emptying

  6. Absorption in the Small Intestine • 75-80% is absorbed.  • This absorption is extremely rapid.

  7. Alcohol Metabolism: Pathways • Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) • Stomach • Liver • Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS) • Liver

  8. ADH Pathway • In the cytoplasm, ADH converts ethanol to acetaldehyde CH3-CH2-OH + NAD+ CH3-CHO + NADH + H+ Ethanol ADH Acetaldehyde

  9. ADH Pathway • In the mitochondria, acetaldehyde is converted to acetate and in turn acetate is converted to acetyl CoA which leads the two-carbon molecule into the TCA cycle CH3-CHO + NAD+ CH3-COOH + NADH + H+ Acetaldehyde ADH Acetate

  10. Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS) • Alternate pathway used, in addition to ADH, when alcohol intake is excessive • End products include: • Ethanol  acetaldehyde • NADPH + H+  NADP+ No ATP formation = Energy Wasteful

  11. ADH and MEOS Pathway Ethanol Acetaldehyde NAD NADH+ Acetyl CoA

  12. Effects on body LIVER • Fatty liver • Cirrhosis • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

  13. Effects on Body (cont)…… Central Nervous System • When intoxication occurs it affects emotional and sensory function, judgment, memory and learning ability • Smell and taste are dulled • Ability to withstand pain increases • Long term effects include tolerance, dependency and irreversible damage • Brain is most affected

  14. Effects on Body (cont)…… Blood • Blood-Sludging • Anemia • Weakness of bone structure • Decrease resistance to infection and inability to fight off infections

  15. Effects on Body (cont)…… Muscles • Reduced blood flow. Causing muscle weakness and deterioration • Irregular heartbeat, sluggish heart, and muscle aches

  16. Effects on Body (cont)…… Endocrine • Sedates glands • Sexual functioning -Low doses decrease inhibitions -High doses decrease sexual functioning for men and women

  17. References • Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, 3rd Edition. J. Groff, and S. Cooper, Wadsworth Publishing Co. 1999. • http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/som/cmed/alcohol/metabolism.htm • http://afpafitness.com/articles/AlcoholMet.htm • http://www.oregoncounseling.org/ArticlesPapers/Documents/ETOHBIOFx.htm

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