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The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme as a Contributor to GCOS

The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme as a Contributor to GCOS. Slobodan Nickovic WMO Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme. GAW programme . The essential climate variables (IGACO) Aerosol Ozone Green-house gases . GAW aerosol.

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The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme as a Contributor to GCOS

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  1. The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme as a Contributor to GCOS Slobodan Nickovic WMO Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme

  2. GAW programme • The essential climate variables(IGACO) • Aerosol • Ozone • Green-house gases

  3. GAW aerosol • indirect and the direct effect of aerosols make the two largest contributions to the total uncertainty of the radiative forcing, so impacting the climate assessments. • The ongoing Joint GOS-GAW Pilot Project: NRT delivery and use of the aerosol surface observations is a part of the implementation of WIGOS/WIS.

  4. GAW aerosol Long term mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) Compiled by combining data from satellites with surface-based aerosol sun-photometer data. Satellite observations were validated using ground-based AOD observations.Plots Courtesy of S. Kinne, MPI, Hamburg, Germany

  5. GAW aerosol GAW Aerosol Lidar Network (GALION) Northern Hemisphere Regional networks AD-NET, ALINE, CISLiNet, EARLINET, MPLNET, NDACC, REALM ~105 lidar sites

  6. GAW aerosol The Ground-based Global AOD Network Latitudinal distribution Polar regions: 4 Midlatitude North: 50 Tropics: 26 Midlatitude South: 10 Total 90 Major data gaps Africa, Asia, India, Polar region and Oceans International: AERONET, BSRN, GAWPFR, SKYNET Courtesy of Chris Wehrli Davos AOD Calibration centre National: Australia, China, Finland, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, USA(4)

  7. GAW aerosol WMO WWRP/GAW Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System SDS-WAS Mission To enhance the ability of countries to deliver timely and quality sand and dust storm forecasts, observations, information and knowledge to users through an international partnership of research and operational communities Dust impacts : • Climate • Health • Transport • Marine biochemistry

  8. Meteosat Second Generation: On-line qualitative dust verification / surveillance In collaboration with the Spanish Institute of Meteorology Dust monitoring SAF_NowCasting with MSG satellite 3x3 km2 15 min step (day and night) Under development: SeaWifs, Modis, OMI Satellite-based sensors

  9. GAW aerosolSDS-WAS Canary Islands Bloom of Trichodesmium - Canary Islands, August 2004 Dust over W Africa, July 2004 • WMO cooperation with the United Nations • Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of • Marine Environment Protection (GESAMP) • In 2007, WMO-lead Working Group • “The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean” • is established

  10. GAW aerosol Forecast Models 18 UTC, 7 May 2002 30-hr forecast NASA A-Train MODIS CALIPSO GALION Surface-based LIDAR GAW/AERONET/SKYNET Surface-based AOD European PM10 IntegratedAerosol Observation/Modelling

  11. GAW GHG • The latest analysis from the WMO-GAW Global Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Network: • CO2 N2O have reached new highs in 2006 • CO2 at 381.2 ppm ; N2O at 320.1 ppb. • CH4 almost unchanged - 1782 ppb. • These values are higher than those in pre-industrial times by 36%, 19% and 155%, respectively. • Some of the CFCs still have a serious impact on the atmospheric greenhouse effect. • GHG are monitored as part of the GAW network.

  12. GAW ozone WMO Antarctic Ozone Bulletins An example of a need for integrated products in near-real time http://www.wmo.int/web/arep/ozone.html

  13. GAW ozone • Last Dobson Intercomparison - in Buenos Aires (Nov/Dec 2006) • A Dobson intercomparison for RA I (S. Africa) - planned for February/March 2009. • Dobson intercomparison for South America (Buenos Aires) - planned for late 2009/early 2010

  14. GAW ozone Brewer events • The 10th Biennial WMO Brewer workshop was held in Norhwich, UK (June 2007) • A Brewer workshop for Asia was held in Seoul in October 2007

  15. GAW ozone • A workshop (April 2007) analyzed the quality of Dobson and Brewer data in comparison to satellite data. • About 50% of the stations are in good shape • The other half has smaller or bigger problems • Stations managers have received instructions on how to improve the quality of the data

  16. GAW ozone • A joint GAW/NDACC/IGACO-O3 meeting was held in Geneva on 21-23 May 2008. • Near real time delivery of data • Discussion on differences between Dobson, Brewer, UV/Vis and FT-IR • Interferences and seasonal dependencies

  17. GAW ozone • The triennial WMO/UNEP Ozone Research Managers’ Meeting - Geneva, 18-21 May 2008. • National reports • Gaps in the network • Research needs • Data delivery and archiving • Capacity building

  18. GAW GHG 2008 Measurement Sites for Carbon Cycle Gases Courtesy: J. Battler, NOAA

  19. GAW GHG Other Expansion Efforts • Terrestrial Carbon Observation System – (TCOS) Siberia (MPI – Jena) • Cape Verde Observatory (MPI – Jena; York University) • Arctic CH4 sites (Tiksi, Cherski) • Quality Control – Ongoing flask sample comparisons • Canada (Alert) • New Zealand (Baring Head) • France (Mace Head) • German (Ochsenkopf) • New efforts to compare NOAA flask samples • NCAR (Niwot Ridge, CO) • Spain (Tenerife) • Italy (Lampedusa) Courtesy: J. Battler, NOAA

  20. GAW GHG WMO-GAW Annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin

  21. GAW GHG Fiftieth Anniversary of the Global CO2 Record – Kona, HI • Goal was to bring policy makers, scientists, and businesses together to discuss the critical role of long term observations of CO2 in the past, present, and future • Cosponsored by WMO, NOAA, Chicago Climate Exchange, Peabody Energy, American Electric Power, Science & Technology Corporation, Nat’l Marine Sanctuary Foundation, et al. Courtesy: J. Battler, NOAA

  22. GAW GHG Other Events • 14th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques, September 10-13, 2007, Helsinki, Finland • More emphasis on isotopes a focus of the meeting. • Scientific Advisory Group September 14, 2007 • adopted N2O Measurement Guidelines, • Precursor to introducing proposal for GCOS adoption of WMO/GAW N2O observation network. Courtesy: J. Battler, NOAA

  23. GAW GHG A Place to Go • Goal: Establish an international observation and analysis system for verifying greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. • To be build on current global observation, modeling, and analysis capabilities • To serve as a backbone in a global effort to verify reduction of GHG emissions. • To support national and international assessments (e.g., CCSP, IPCC). Courtesy: J. Battler, NOAA

  24. Path Forward to Address 21st Century needs(25 April Science Perspectives) • Observation & Reanalysis (e.g., CarbonTracker-ish) • Grounded on surface-based measurements • Commercial and private aircraft • Satellite Validation • AIRS • SCHIAMACHY • OCO – 2008 • GOSAT – 2009 • ASCENT – 2010, 12? (active laser; surface) Courtesy: J. Battler, NOAA

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