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Education

Education 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) Why focus on education? Education is one of the key enablers of demographic change, family welfare, and better health and nutrition Achievement of universal primary education a key goal of Indian planning since Independence

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Education

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  1. Education 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

  2. Why focus on education? • Education is one of the key enablers of demographic change, family welfare, and better health and nutrition • Achievement of universal primary education a key goal of Indian planning since Independence • Elimination of gender disparity in primary education is one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG4) • The spread of higher education is going to be key to sustaining the growth of the Indian economy

  3. Questions Explored • Current School Attendance • Are children attending school? • Are children attending school at an age-appropriate level? • Literacy: Are we anywhere near universal literacy? • Educational attainment: What is the level and trend in higher education? • A curriculum note: Is there approval for the teaching of family life education in school?

  4. ARE CHILDREN ATTENDING SCHOOL? Reference school year: 2005-06

  5. What percentage of children age 6-17 years attended school in 2005-06? By residence…….. And by age (yrs)

  6. What percentage of boys and girls attended school in 2005-06?

  7. Gender Differentials in School Attendance by Residence In urban areas, gender disparity in school enrollment is negligible; but in rural India, gender disparity in school enrollment persists and increases sharply with age

  8. School Attendance Rates by Sex and State in Urban Areas • 5 states with less than 75% of boys attending school in urban areas are: Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar • The differential in school attendance is highest at 9 percentage points in Haryana • In several states, girls are more likely to be in school than boys

  9. Gender differentials in school attendance are much higher in rural than in urban area • 11 states where 75% or fewer boys are in school, compared with 22 states where 75% or less girls are in school • In Kerala, Delhi, Sikkim, Nagaland and Meghalaya more girls than boys are in school • Gender differentials are 15-24 points in Rajasthan, Bihar, and Jharkhand; and 10 -14 points in Andhra Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Orissa, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh

  10. Age-Appropriate School Attendance Measured by estimating the net attendance rates (NAR) and gross attendance rates (GAR) for primary and secondary school-age population For primary school NAR: Children age 6-10 years in classes1-5 as a proportion of all children age 6-10 years GAR: All children in classes 1-5 as a proportion of all children age 6-10 years For secondary school NAR: Children age 11-17 years in classes 6-12 divided by all children age 11-17 years GAR: All children in classes 6-12 divided by all children age 11-17 years

  11. NAR:Persistent gender inequality in rural areas and high drop out by the secondary level for boys and for girls Percent PRIMARY NAR SECONDARY NAR

  12. Literacy: How close are we to achieving universal literacy? • Every woman and man age 15-49 who had not completed class 6 years was asked to read a sentence from a preprinted card. • Sentences were available in all major languages of each state • In NFHS-3, persons are considered literate if • They have completed at least class six, or • They can read a whole or part of a sentence

  13. Literacy among women has doubled in 30 years; however, even among the youngest one-fourth of women and one-tenth of men are illiterate Percent who are literate

  14. The poorest women and scheduled-tribewomen and men are least likely to be literate Percent literate Residence Caste/tribe Wealth index

  15. Male literacy rates are 70+% in all states except Jharkhand. In 6 states including the most populous states, less than half of women 15-49 years of age are literate

  16. Educational Attainment of the Population Age 6 and Over Males Females

  17. Is India prepared to take on the challenge to sustain an economic growth rate of 8% or more per annum? Percent with at least 10 complete years of schooling

  18. A Note for School Curricula: Is there approval for the teaching of family life education in school?

  19. Measuring the Acceptance of the Teaching of Family-Life Topics in School • NFHS-3 asked all women and men age 15-49 whether they think that the following topics should be taught to children in school: • Moral values • Changes in the body at puberty (including menstruation) • Sex and sexual behaviour • Contraception • HIV/AIDS • Condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases • Persons who said that the topic should be taught in school were asked at what age the topic should be first introduced • All questions were asked separately with reference to girls and boys

  20. Percentage who agree that family-life related topics should be taught to children in school:

  21. Conclusions • Universal primary school attendance is attainable in the short run, but only in urban areas • In rural areas, one in five children age 6-10 is not attending school with a persistent gender gap • Drop-out rates between primary and secondary school are very high for both girls and boys, though the gender gap also widens considerably • With no more than one in five adults with 10+ years of education, education will be a major bottleneck for sustained economic growth in India • There is widespread support among both women and men for teaching most family life education topics in school

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