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Pharmacology Tips

Pharmacology Tips. This is an INTRODUCTORY course It will NOT cover all you need to know, but help you know how to find information for safe medication administration LISTEN to lecture & discussion Learn major classifications of medications

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Pharmacology Tips

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  1. Pharmacology Tips • This is an INTRODUCTORY course • It will NOT cover all you need to know, but help you know how to find information for safe medication administration • LISTEN to lecture & discussion • Learn major classifications of medications • Review “Patient Teaching Tips” and “Take Home Points”

  2. Pharmacology Introduction Dosage Calculation

  3. Units of Measure • Apothecary • Measures grains, drams, minims • Metric • Measures milliliters, centimeters, kilograms, liters • Household • Measures teaspoons, ounces, drops

  4. Apothecary • Rarely used • Convert to metric ASAP - to prevent med errors • Use Equivalents Table or metric “clock” 60 mg 10 mg gr 1 gr 1/6 gr 1/4 15 mg 45 mg gr 3/4 gr 1/2 30 mg

  5. Converting in the Metric System • Move decimal point left or right to change • 1 G = 1000mg

  6. How to Convert • Dimensional Analysis • Sec. x min./sec. x hrs./min. = ______hr • Ratio-Proportion • Sec/min = Min/? • Desire over Have times Quantity • D/H x Q = amount needed

  7. Be Consistent • Decide on a method of conversion that is comfortable to you • Consistently use the same method • Make it a habit to label you work • Write down all the steps – taking shortcuts often leads to mistakes

  8. Equivalents • Certain ones should be committed to memory for quick calculation • Tables in drug handbooks and Taber’s • Basic equivalents within a system • 1000 mg = 1 gm • 1 cc = 1 mm • Standard equivalents between systems • 1 tsp = 5 cc = 60 gtt • 2.2 lb = 1 kg

  9. Approximate Equivalents • 1 gr = 60 mg • 15 gr = 1 g = 1000 mg • 1000mcg = 1 mg • 1 kg = 2.2 lb • 1 ml = 15 minims • 4 ml = 1 dr • 5 ml = 1 tsp • 30 ml = 1 oz = 2 Tbs = 6 tsp = 8 dr • 500 ml = 1 pt = 16 oz • 1000 ml = 1 L = 1 qt = 32 oz • Taken from: J. M. Daniels & L. M. Smith. 2005. Clinical Calculations, A Unified Approach, 5th ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar.

  10. Abbreviations • Key • gr = grain dr = dram • mg = milligram tsp = teaspoon • g = gram oz = ounce • kg = kilogram Tbs = Tablespoon • lb = pound pt = pint • gtt = drop L = liter • ml = milliliter qt = quart

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