1 / 31

Pharmacology

Objectives. Identify the purpose/use of anticholinergic drugs.Review use of corticosteroid drugs.Describe thyroid and antithyroid medications.Identify use/action of antidiabetic drugs.Describe the purpose of estrogens, vitamin K and potassium.. Cholinergic Drugs Parasympathetic. Purpose: Produce

oke
Download Presentation

Pharmacology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. Pharmacology ANS and Endocrine Drugs

    2. Objectives Identify the purpose/use of anticholinergic drugs. Review use of corticosteroid drugs. Describe thyroid and antithyroid medications. Identify use/action of antidiabetic drugs. Describe the purpose of estrogens, vitamin K and potassium.

    3. Cholinergic Drugs Parasympathetic Purpose: Produces effects similar to those of acetylcholine. Some drugs are direct acting and some are indirect acting. Action: Direct acting: directly stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. Are resistant to metabolism by acetylcholineserase, the enzyme that normally metabolizes acetylcholine.

    4. Cholinergics Systemic effects: Decreased heart rate Increased tone and contractility in the gastrointestinal smooth muscle Increased salivary gland and GI secretions Increased tone and contractility of smooth muscle in the urinary bladder Increased respiratory secretions Increased tone/contractility of bronchial smooth muscle Pupil constriction

    5. Cholinergic Drugs Parasympathetic Uses: Urecholine : relieve urinary retention and postoperative abdominal distention. Side effects: Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. bronchospasms and bradycardia (if these occur, withhold the medication and consult the physician).

    6. Cholinergic Drugs Parasympathetic-Indirect Acting Action: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that metabolizes acetylcholine. Allows acetylcholine to accumulate. Uses: Prostigmin and Tension - Myasthenia gravis and antidote for skeletal muscle relaxants used in surgery. Aricept: Alzheimers disease. Side effects: Same as direct acting (nausea, vomiting, etc.)

    7. Antidote for cholinergic drugs is atropine.

    8. Anticholinergic Drugs Cholinergic - Blocking Agents Parasympatholytic Agents Purpose: Block the action of acetycholine in the parasympathetic nervous system

    9. Anticholinergic Drugs Action: Occupy receptor sites at parasympathetic nerve endings which prevents the action of acetycholine. Decrease cardiovascular responses to vagal stimulation. Bronchodilation/decreased respiratory tract secretions. Antispasmotic effects in the GI tract. Mydriais (dilation of the pupil).

    10. Anticholinergic Drugs Uses: Atropine: increased HR, prior to surgery Robinul: decrease secretions Urispas: antispasmotic effects Cogentin and Artane: Parkinson’s Mydriacyl: maintain mydiasis Atrovent: asthma and chronic bronchitis

    11. Anticholinergic Drugs Side effects: Blurred vision Constipation Dry mouth Tachycardia

    12. Corticosteroids Steroids Purpose: To correct a deficient state in the body and exert an anti-inflammatory, immuno-suppressive, antiallergic, and antistress effects. Actions: Bind to glucocorticoid receptors in target tissues. The drug-receptor complex moves to the cell nucleus to exert its effect.

    13. Corticosteroids Steroids -Examples Vanceril: oral inhalation Vancenase, Flonase, and Beconase: nasal inhalation Cortone (cortisone) Dacadron (dexamethasone) Hydrocortone or Cortef (hydrocortisone) Solu-medrol (methylyprednisolone succinate) Deltasone (prednisone)

    14. Corticosteroids Steroids - Uses Allergic to reactions to medications Collagen disorders Dermatologic disorders GI problems Cancer Neurologic disorders Organ and tissue transplants Renal disease Respiratory disorders Rheumatic disorders Endocrine disorders

    15. Corticosteroids Steroids - Side Effects “Cushingoid” appearance Hyperglycemia CNS effects Musculoskeletal effects GI effects Increased susceptibility to infection Menstrual irregularities **Should be taken with or after meals. They should not be stopped abruptly.**

    16. Thyroid Drugs Purpose: Replace the deficient thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Action: Control rate of cellular metabolism. Stimulate protein synthesis. Promote cell Example: Synthroid Uses: Hypothyroidism Side effects: tachycardia, weight loss, intolerance to heat, nervousness, insomnia, diarrhea, angina, MI, CHF.

    17. Anti -thyroid Drugs Purpose: Treat hyperthyroidism and prepare client for a thyroidectomy. Action: Inhibit the production of thyroid hormones and the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Example: PTU (propylthiourcil) Tapazole (no peripheral activity) Lugol’s solution (strong iodine solution)

    18. Anti -thyroid Drugs Side Effects: (Lugol’s Solution) Can cause iodism-metallic taste, burning in mouth, and gum soreness. Side Effects: (PTU and Tapazole) Rash, nausea, and vomiting May see signs of hypothyroidism (bradycardia, constipation, weight gain, excessive sleeping, and slow speech.

    19. Antidiabetic Drugs Purpose: Lower blood glucose levels Action: Increases glucose transport into most body cells. Decreases breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis). Decreases formation of new glucose from amino acids and fatty acids (gluconeogenesis). Increases glycogen synthesis.

    20. Antidiabetic Drugs Examples: Short-Acting: Regular Ilentin II Humulin R, Novolin R Intermediate-Acting: NPH IletinII, Humulin N, Novolin N Long-Acting: Ultralente, Humulin U Mixed: Humulin 70/30 Insulin Analog: Humalog

    21. Antidiabetic Drugs Uses: Insulin dependent diabetes Non-insulin dependent diabetes when diet and oral therapy do not control BS levels. Side Effects: Hypoglycemia (cool, clammy skin, nervousness, irritability, blurred or double vision, convulsions. Lipodystrophy

    22. Hypoglycemia Tremors & nervousness Irritability Remember convulsions Excessive sweating Double vision/blurred

    23. Oral Diabetic Drugs (Hypoglycemic) Purpose: Lower blood sugar levels Action: Stimulate beta cells to produce and release more insulin. Increase tissue responsiveness to insulin and increase peripheral use of glucose Decrease production of glucose in the liver

    24. Oral Diabetic Drugs (Hypoglycemic) Examples: Diabinese and Orinase Glucotrol Glucophage Avandia Uses: Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Side Effects: Hypoglycemia

    25. Estrogen Purpose: Promote growth in tissues related to reproduction and sexual characteristics in women. Action: They enter target cells and combine with receptor proteins to form an estrogen-receptor complex that interacts with DNA.

    26. Estrogen Examples: Premarin Depo-Estradiol Depo-Provera Oral Contraceptives (along with progestin)

    27. Estrogen Uses: Replacement therapy in deficiency states Component in birth control pills During menopause to control vaginitis and hot flashes Post menopausal prevention/treatment of osteoporosis & cardiovascular disease

    28. Estrogen Side effects: Nausea Vomiting Headache Thrombophlebitis Weight gain Hypertension

    29. Vitamins Vitamin K: AquaMephyton Given to treat hemorrhagic disease Vitamin K is needed for normal blood clotting.

    30. Electrolyte Potassium: May be given IV as potassium chloride. Never give it as an IV push. It must be diluted in IV fluids. Can cause cardiac arrest. May be given in po (oral) form K-Dur, K-tab

    31. Questions?

More Related