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Pharmacology

Overview . The aim of drug therapy is to prevent, cure, or control various disease states. To achieve this goal, adequate drug doses must be delivered to the target tissues so that therapeutic yet nontoxic levels are obtained.. PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY . Pharmacology definition: The scien

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Pharmacology

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    1. Pharmacology General pharmacology

    2. Overview The aim of drug therapy is to prevent, cure, or control various disease states. To achieve this goal, adequate drug doses must be delivered to the target tissues so that therapeutic yet nontoxic levels are obtained.

    3. PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacology definition: The science that studies the effects of drugs (chemical substances) on functions within a living system. Its based on other sciences such as physiology ,biochemistry, microbiology ,biology, pathology, and biopharmaceuticals. It deals with how drugs act and interact ,how they enter the body what happens to them inside body ,how they are eliminated from it, the effect of genetics, age and disease on drug action.

    5. Pharmacology can be classified into main branches; Pharmacodynamics: Include study of influence of drug &total effect of drug in the body which covered its effect, side effect, toxic effect, receptors, dose response, potency, therapeutics efficacy and tolerance. (is what drug does to the body)

    6. B. Pharmacokinetics It deals with items like time course of drug concentrations; therapeutics drug monitoring .it included the following individual processes. Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination ( is what the body dose to drugs)

    7. NAMES OF DRUGS THREE different types of drug names: 1-Chemical name- 4-Hydroxyacetanilide. 2-Generic name- Acetaminophen 3-Brand name- panadol®

    8. SOURCES OF DRUGS A. Plants- ex: digoxin B. Animals and humans- ex: insulin, epinephrine C. Minerals- ex: iron, iodine, zinc D. Synthetic and Chemical substances- ex: magnesium sulfate

    9. Basic Information Needed For Each Drug Class A. Generic and trade name B. Drug category C. Clinical use D. Mechanism of action E. Side effects/adverse reactions F. Contraindications G. Precautions H. Significant drug interactions

    10. 5 Rights of medication administration 1. The right medication---prescribed, not contraindicated 2. The right client---match pt, chart, and time 3. The right dose---as prescribed and appropriate (check math) 4. The right route---form of drug/administration technique 5. The right time---for dose

    11. Drugs action classified into 5 types 1-Stimulation e.g. epinephrine or norepinephrine stimulate the rate of contraction of cardiac muscle. 2-Inhibition e.g. Ach stimulate the contraction intestinal muscle, so anticholinergic inhibit the effect of Ach on these muscle that lead to relax those muscle. 3-Irritation e.g. some volatile oil that used as liniment to irritate skin for e.g. and induce reflex vasodilation and produce hyperthermia. 4-Replacement; drugs here used to compensate any defect or malfunction of glands as for e.g. testosterone can be given to any one has hypogonadal activity. 5-Anti-infective; wide rang of chemicals are used to treat bacteria. Fungi, virus as well as protozoa.

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