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IRAN

IRAN. INTRODUCTION. History. Iranian Politics under the Shah & Theocracy 1978-2004. Geographical Setting. Social Institutions. 8 Year War. By: Negin Ahmadi. Living Conditions. Iran. HISTORY. IRAN. History. Geographical Setting. Only Shia government in the world

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IRAN

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  1. IRAN INTRODUCTION History Iranian Politics under the Shah & Theocracy 1978-2004 Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War By: Negin Ahmadi Living Conditions

  2. Iran HISTORY IRAN History Geographical Setting • Only Shia government in the world • Capital city: Tehran • Islamic republic in 1979 • Muhammad Reza: King of Iran from 1941-79 • 1979: Shah leaves Iran Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  3. IRAN HISTORY • Ayatollah Khomeini returned from France • Many people leave Iran • December 2nd, 1979: Iran, an Islamic country • July 27th, 1980 Shah died • 1980: Saddam Hussein attacks the Iranian cities • American hostages released on January 1981 • July 1988 the Iraq/Iran war ended • On June 4th,1989 Khomeini died History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  4. IRAN GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING A. Location • In the Middle East • Bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea B. Climate • variable climate • Northwest: cold winters and heavy snowfalls, Spring and Fall weather is mild, while summer is dry and hot • South: Mild winter, very hot summer History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  5. IRAN GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING • C. Topography • Consists of rugged, mountainous rims surrounding high interior basins • Center of Iran consists of closed basins called the Central Plateau • Eastern part of the plateau covered by salt-desserts: Dashte kavir & Dashte Lut • No major rivers in the country D. Minerals and Resources • Has one of the oldest oil industries in the Developing Countries • Second largest country in Natural Gas reserves History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  6. IRAN GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING • E. Transportation • Highways: 167,157 km Air Service • 303 Airports with only 125 paved runways History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  7. IRAN GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING History • F. Communication • 14,571,100 telephone lines (2003) • Radio broadcasting stations: AM 72, & FM 5 • Internet Hosts: 5, 269 (2004) • Internet Users: Only 4,3 Million (2003) Geographical Setting Social Institutions Religion Living Conditions

  8. IRAN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS • Population: approximately 70 Million people • Average Life expectancy: 69,66 % • Capital: Tehran • Divided into 28 provinces • Religion: 89% follows Shia Islam, 9% Sunni Islam, other 2% are Jewish, Christian and Other History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  9. IRAN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS History • Political System • Islamic Republic of Iran since 1979 • President: Muhammad Khatami • Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei • Constitution revised in 1989 and eliminated Prime Ministership Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  10. IRAN Social Institutions • Monarch • King of Iran from 1941-1979 • During WWII, Britain and USSR • In 1941 the two countries occupied large areas of Iran • Forced Reza Shah Pahlavi to abdicate • Muhammad Reza Shah given the thrown History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Muhammad Reza Shah & his wife Farah Living Conditions

  11. IRAN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS • Shah reviving the army • In 1963: “White Revolution” • In 1967: crowned himself as king of the kings (Emperor of Iran) - & Farah Diba, as Shahbanoo (Emperess) • By mid-70’s had many enemies • Created the “SAVAK” • January 1979 Shah fled Iran • The exiled cleric Ayatollah Khomeini back to Iran History Geographic al Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  12. IRAN New Government • Khomeini as Islamic leader from 1979-1989 • 1962 he telegraphed Reza Shah & the prime minister • June 1963: Khomeini delivered a speech (warning shah) • Shah sent for Khomeini’s arrest • Released after less than a month, but arrested again later • Sent to Turkey History Geographical Setting Social Institutions New Gov. Living Conditions

  13. IRAN New Government History Geographical Setting • Left Turkey and lived in Iraq for 13 years • On October 3rd, 1978 he moved to Paris • Shah was overthrown by people • December 2nd, 1979: Islamic republic of Iran • “First day of God’s government” Social Institutions New Gov. Living Conditions

  14. IRAN Iran/Iraq War History • Lasted from 1980-1988 • Shatt al Arab • The 1847 treaty • 1975 treaty Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 year war Living Conditions

  15. IRAN Iran/Iraq War OTHER REASONS • Both countries, Muslim nations • Sunni Iraqi leader vs. Shii Iranians • Saddam trying to establish himself as leader of Arab world • Iran as primary competition for regional dominance. History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 year war Living Conditions

  16. IRAN Iran/Iraq War • Syria, Lybia, China, and North Korea as Iran’s ally’s. • Israel supported Iran: - Iraq viewed as a more immediate danger. - A large number of Jews in Iran. • United States’ concerns History Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 year war Living Conditions

  17. IRAN Iran/Iraq War History • The security of weaker nations in region at risk • Economic security of western nations that depended on Gulf oil at risk • Reagan selling weapons to Iran • Initial sales through Israel • Using money to fund the Nicaraguan resistance in 1985 • War finally ended in 1989 • Iraq’s use of poison gas Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Conditions

  18. IRAN Living Condition History • Freedom of thought and expression • Freedom of the press • Release of political prisoners • Khatami as “elected reformer”? • Iranians rejecting tyranny and oppression • 2003 Nobel Peace Prize (Shirin Ebadi) Geographical Setting Social Institutions 8 Year War Living Condition

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