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Psychology 3260: Personality & Social Development

Explore the origins, theories, and developmental trends of aggression in psychology. Learn about instinct and learning theories, coercion theory, cognitive processes, and developmental changes in aggressive behavior.

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Psychology 3260: Personality & Social Development

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  1. Psychology 3260: Personality & Social Development Don Hartmann Spring 2006 Lecture 23a: Aggression: General

  2. Score f Grade Max. Possible: 100%: Range: Mean: Median: SD: Reliability: Quiz 2 Performance

  3. Other Administration

  4. Overview: Aggression Text Overlap: Pp. 270-287 Lecture: • Introduction • Definition • Theories • Developmental Trends in Aggression Next: Lect. #20: Bullying

  5. Definitions • Definition • Example from the Yale group who brought you the Frustration-aggression hypothesis (Miller, Dollard, et al.) • Problem of Intent • Finesses to skirt intentionality…and their problems: • Buss • Baron • Bandura—subjective social labeling

  6. Aggression?

  7. Instinct Theories: Freud & Lorenz Kuo’s study of kittens who were raised alone, with their rat-killing moms, or with rats. Which cats are killing rats? Those raised alone: 45% with rat-killing moms: 85% with rats: 17% Theories: Instinct

  8. “Learning” Theories Frustration‑Aggression Theory (Dollard et al.) FrustrationAggression Berkowitz's revised F‑A Theory Importance of anger arousal (e.g., stemming from frustration) as well as aggressive cues Patterson’s Coercion Theory Theories: Learning

  9. Patterson’s Coercion Theory Patterson: emphasizes the importance of negative reinforcement in the development and maintenance of aggression. A particularly important construct is that of coercion—where individuals (particularly family members) use negative means to control one another. Reid, J. G., Patterson, G. R., & Snyder, J. (2002). Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A developmental analysis and model for intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. “Learning” Theories(continued)

  10. “Coercion” Illustrating Negative Reinforcement • (1) A girl teasing her older brother, who makes her stop teasing by yelling at her. [♀ teasing is reduced (punished) by ♂ yelling; ♂ yelling is strengthened (negatively reinforced) as it terminates ♀ teasing.] • (2) A few minutes later, the girl calls her brother a nasty name. The boy then chases and hits her—and ♀ stops calling him nasty names as ♂ chasing and hitting serve as punishments for ♀ name calling. [♂ Chasing and hitting are negatively reinforced by the termination of ♀ name-calling.] • (3)She then whimpers and hits him back, and he withdraws. [♂ withdrawal negatively reinforces ♀ hits; ♀ hits serve as punishment for ♂ chasing and hitting.]

  11. Cognitive?

  12. Bandura Acquisition: Imitation & reinforcement of aggressive acts Cognitive processes including Denigration of victim Evaluating aggression positively Self-reinforcing aggressive responding Dodge’s Information Processing Theory Theories: Cognitive

  13. The Dodge Model Diagrammatically

  14. Reactive Aggressors • Have history of bickering with peers. • Have hostile attribution bias. • More likely to become angry. • Short circuit search. • Respond aggressively.

  15. Even Plants Do It!

  16. Developmental Trends in Aggression (1) • Aggression in toddlers? • In 21 month infants, 1 conflict/hr. • Typically involved contested objects • What then? Decrease or increase? • Difficult to determine because of developmental transformations • In general, however, there appears to be decreases in physical aggression and increases in verbal aggression for preschool children

  17. Stability r • While different forms of aggression are changing in rate (so forms are unstable across time), are children stable (consistent in rank order in some group)? • Modest to substantial stability from elementary school through young adult, particularly for boys (3.< r < .6).

  18. Why Developmental Trends in Aggression? • Changes in children’s skills: • Increasing verbal skills • Greater empathy • More planful & less impulsive • Changes in parental values & discipline • Preparing child for broader social encounters • Intolerant of unsubtle forms of aggression & the infliction of physical pain • Changes in social contexts: Greater control exercised by • Peers • Teachers and other extra-familial socializing agents

  19. Summary of: Aggression--General Introduction Definition Theories Developmental Trends in Aggression Next: Lecture #20: Bullying

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