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Personality Psychology

Personality Psychology. Unit 3. What is personality?. The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person. Brainstorm. In your notes, write down at least 8 words AND draw at least 3 pictures to describe your personality. Share with your neighbor Similarities? Differences?.

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Personality Psychology

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  1. Personality Psychology Unit 3

  2. What is personality? • The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person.

  3. Brainstorm • In your notes, write down at least 8 words AND draw at least 3 pictures to describe your personality. • Share with your neighbor • Similarities? Differences?

  4. Purpose of Personality Theories • Provide a way of organizing the many characteristics you know about yourself and others. • To explain the differences between individuals • To explore how people conduct their lives • To determine how life can be improved

  5. Personality Project • Part 1: Project Packet • Each day we will complete pages of the project packet • Homework points for each completed on time • Part 2: ProductWill be discussed later in the unit • Use Part 1 to complete Part 2

  6. Today • Supplies at the Front of the Room & By the Inbox • Complete the Title page by using your Brainstorm Ideas. • In the circle, sketch a picture that represents you (a shape, favorite object, emoticon, etc.) • On each of the 5 spokes list 1 word that describes you (outgoing, ambitious, athletic, etc.) • Complete the Information Page (page 2) • Complete the My Survey Pages (pages 3-5)

  7. Psychoanalytical Theories

  8. Freud and the Unconscious • Experiences, especially childhood, stored in unconscious • Although not consciously awareinfluence our behavior

  9. Freud’s Model: 3 Parts of the Unconscious • The Id = what you want to do • Part that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material • The Ego = what you can do • Part that is in touch with reality and socially acceptable • The Superego = what you should do • Par t that has the conscience and tries to counteract the socially inappropriate desires of the id

  10. How does this affect our personality? • Conflicts between the id & superego • The ego must satisfy the pleasure demands of the id without offending the morality of superego • If… • Id is not satisfied: longing, anger, or desire • Superego is not obeyed: guilty and inferior • Ego ignored: real outcomes can take place like starvation of dislike by other people

  11. Defense Mechanisms

  12. Defense Mechanism • What the ego unconsciously uses to protect itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances • All ppl resort to this bc the ego’s job is so difficult • If the demands of the id and the superego cannot be resolveddistort reality

  13. Defense Mechanism • Defends the ego from experiencing anxiety about failing in its tasks. • Necessary (to some degree) for psychological well-being

  14. Defense Mechanism Activity • Count off by 8s • Pick a Defense Mechanism out of a hat • Read AND take notes on that Defense Mechanism in the textbook (p. 380-381) • In your groups, create a mini-skit (about 1-2 minutes long) about your Defense Mechanism • Elect a group leader who can describe the Defense Mechanism to the class after the skit

  15. Today • Complete My Defense Mechanism (p. 8) in Project Packet • Checked tomorrow for homework points

  16. Adler & Birth Order

  17. Freud’s Followers Carl Jung Alfred Adler

  18. Carl Jung • Started off as Freud’s closet associate • Argued over 2 points: • Positive view of human nature • 2 unconsciouses the personal and the collective (archetypes)

  19. Alfred Adler • Associate of Freudleft to form his own personality theory • Adler’s Personality Theory: • Inferiority complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source (compensating for weaknesses)

  20. How does it apply to us? • Adler said: • Children first feel inferior bc they are little and dependent on parents • As they learn to do things for themselves like hold a spoon or tie their shoes, they learn a pattern of overcoming inadequacies that persists throughout life (lifestyles)

  21. Birth Order Theory • Adler believed the way parents treat children influences the styles of life they choose • Overpampering self-centered person who expects others to do things for them • Neglected lack confidence • Ideal learn self-reliance & courage from father, generosity & empathy from mother • Sometimes had to do with the order in which a child was born

  22. Celebrity Birth Order Activity • Complete the green sheet according to Adler’s Theory of Birth Order • Go Over as a Class • Complete My Birth Order page 9finish for Homework

  23. Learning Theories

  24. Behaviorism • Study of ONLY observable behavior • Exact opposite of psychoanalytical theories • Why? • Personalities are LEARNED based on experiences

  25. Contingencies of Reinforcement • What you get (advantages) from certain behaviors • Conditions that make a behavior more likely to happen

  26. Contingencies of Reinforcement • Positive Reinforcement adding (+) something you want to encourage a behavior • Ex: When I clean  my room, I get to go out with friends.  the thing that I want is to go out with friends - so I clean my room. • Negative Reinforcementsubtracting (-) something you DON'T want to encourage a behavior • Ex: When I work during my study hall, I don't have work to take home.  The thing that I don't want is homework so I use my time wisely.

  27. Today • Reinforcing My Personality page 10 • Using 3 of the 5 characteristics on the front let’s discuss what are possible reinforcements for each of them.

  28. Observational Learning • A person acquires new behavior by watching the actions of another person

  29. Differences from Psychoanalytical Theories? • Psychoanalytical theories: influence of childhood experiences, irrational thoughts, unconscious forces • Learning theories: focus on concrete actions that can be tested and measured • Critics of Learning Theories: • Does not explain personality • Does not give enough attention to emotions, childhood experiences, or genetic make-up of a person

  30. Today • Complete Observational Learning in the Yellow Packet (page 11) • Choose 3 behaviors that you display on a daily basis that may be caused by observational learning (imitation)

  31. Humanistic Psychology

  32. What is Humanistic Psychology? • Emphasizes personal growth and achievements of people • How does it differ from behaviorism and psychoanalysis? • Psycho: influenced by instincts • Behavior: influenced by rewards and punishments • Stresses our ability to create and live by personal standardsthinks the other 2 demeans humans

  33. Self-Actualization • The realization of our potential as unique individuals

  34. Today • Textbook page 393 Characteristics of Self-Actualized People • Complete page 12 in Yellow Packet

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