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STRESS……

STRESS……. Objectives: By the end of the session the students will be able to- Define Stress Recognise physiological signs of stress Theories of stress Measure stress Discuss research into causes of stress. What is stress?????.

MikeCarlo
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STRESS……

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  1. STRESS…… Objectives:By the end of the session the students will be able to- Define Stress Recognise physiological signs of stress Theories of stress Measure stress Discuss research into causes of stress

  2. What is stress????? • “A pattern of negative physiological states & psychological responses occurring in situations where people perceive threats to their well being which they may be unable to meet.” • R.Lazurus & S. Folkman (1984)

  3. What is stress cont…. • There needs to event called a stressor e.g. exam,unemployment, long term illness. • When we feel uncomfortable there is a set of changes which are measured for signs of stress.

  4. Difficulties for using these measures….. • Being measured – will have increased levels of arousal. • Difficult to use in less formal setting – wired up to machine in house.

  5. Physiological signs of stress. (GAS) • Seyle (1976) Animals react similarly to humans in variety of situations. • He developed theory called General Adaptation Syndrome • Defined as a non-specific physiological response to a variety of stressful stimulus.

  6. General Adaptation syndromecont…. • Stage 1: Alarm Reaction • Perceived threat, drop in BP, muscle tension, the body prepares for confrontation. • Stage 2: Resistance • Chemical production • Body keeps up defences, but becomes vulnerable. • Stage 3 : Exhaustion • Body begins to manifest signs of prolonged hormone secretion, in need of recovery e.g low blood sugar, kidney damage, low hormone levels.

  7. Evaluation of GAS model • Allows good insight into causes of stress related illness. • But still does not answer the question of why we perceive some events as threatening. • Overall what is needed is the person to be involved in the equation.

  8. Physiological ways of measuring stress……. • Blood pressure (BP) • Inflated arm band • Breathing • Tubes around chest • Heart rate (HR) • ECG-electrocardiogram. • Sweating • Hormone levels • Blood/urine

  9. Psychological Measures Of stress. • Surveys/Questionnaires. • Both have strengths & weaknesses I.e Demand Characteristics. • Interviews. • Open-ended Vs closed questions. • Rich detail • Cannot generalise. • Behavioural Techniques. • Time on task • Obedience test- ????????

  10. Causes Of Stress???? • Heat • Discomfort in heat, add to tense situation. • Noise. • Unwanted sound, especially if unpredictable. • Crowding • Trains, travel, pubs. • Stressful Life Events • What are your most stressful memories?????

  11. Psychological Signs Of Stress. • Cognitive • Confusion/Distraction • Emotions • Low Levels of Mental Activity • Behavioural • Physical difficulties • Aggression • Slow movements

  12. Why Is stress problematic To Research • Artificial setting. • Maybe physiologically aroused but not stressed. • Ethical concerns. ( Milgram what was wrong with this study.)

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