CEE’s Data Center & Server Exploration

1. CEE’sData Center & ServerExploration June 13, 2007 General Session Presented by: Denise Rouleau

2. Overview • History • Background • Data Center Overview • Opportunity • Recommendations • Next Steps

3. History • In January, the CEE Board authorized DC & Server exploration – findings to be reported in June • In February, exploratory committee first convened • Assessed the energy efficiency opportunities and potential CEE roles • Recommending that the Board authorize an organizational committee to have an ongoing presence in this work area

4. Data Centers Are vital to the U.S. economy Require ever increasing amounts of energy to operate Can consume 25 to 50 times more electricity per sq. ft. than office space With electric cost per sq/ft 15%-40% greater than office space

5. Data Center Definition • A facility that contains concentrated equipment to perform one of more of the following functions: • Store • Manage • Process • And exchange digital data and information LBNL Research Road Map

6. Characteristics of a Data Center • House IT equipment such as: • Computers • Servers (e.g. web, application and database) • Mainframe computers • Switches, routers, data storage devices, load balancers • Wire cages or closets, vaults, racks • Security and reliability • Raised floors • Specialized computer room AC systems • Redundant and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)

7. Space Type/Size Who Owns Them? • Practically every mid-sized or larger company has some kind of data center • Larger companies often have dozens of centers • Most large cities have many data center buildings • Cuts across virtually all markets • Server Closet • Server Room • Localized Data Center • Mid-Tier Data Center • Enterprise Data Center (Server Farms)

8. Enterprise Data Centers/Server Farms Google is building two computing centers, top and left, each the size of a football field, in Dalles, Ore.

9. Data Center Energy Use Data Center Energy Forecast It is projected that DC & server electricity use will more than double from 2006 to 2011: From 59 billion kWh to 119 billion kWh (2.8% of electric use) If current trends continue could slow the rise to 103 billion kWh In 2005 data centers used: • About 45 billion kWh — roughly 1.2% of all U.S. electricity consumption (comparable to the amount used for color TVs) • About 2.6 million kW (power demand)

10. Server Energy Use Server Energy Forecast Volume servers will grow more than 50% from 2005 by 2010, while mid- and high-range servers will decline 20-30% If power per server remains constant—server electricity use will increase by 40% If power use per unit increases—server electricity use will increase by 76% • Electricity use of servers doubled from 2000-2005 • Aggregate growth rate of 14% in USA • 2005 total usage is 23 billion kWh (0.6% of U.S. electricity consumption)

11. This Growth is Primarily Due to Increases in: • The number of data centers • The server market that could double in 4 years (from 2.8 million units in 2005 to 4.9 million units in 2009) • The energy intensity of equipment (more powerful equipment) • The power density of racks and data centers (more equipment in smaller space)

12. Typical Data Center Energy End Use Server Processor 50% Cooling Systems 35% Other 13% (power distribution about 11% of other) Lighting 2% Source: Alliance to Save Energy 1/2007

13. Industry & Market Characterization • Data Centers are running out of space,cooling and power • Cost of building a data center is significant • Operations costs have significantly increased as % of IT budget (power & cooling) • Difficulty achieving cooling needs • Utilities can’t always meet the energy demands

14. Industry & Market Characterization • Rapidly changing technology • Operators are risk adverse • Facility & IT managers don’t always communicate • IT managers and equipment manufacturers are motivated to take action

15. There is a Buzz about this Topic—Industry has Taken Notice Hiding in Plain Sight, Google Seeks More Power Tech firms get green by trimming big energy bills Electricity-hungry equipment, combined with rising energy prices, are devouring data center budgets. A new push for energy efficiency in the computer Industry is sparking a bare-knuckles brawl, with companies competing to add performance and save power. SPEC forms server efficiency committee Data Centers Hog Energy and Are Paying Steeply

16. Data Center Efficiency Opportunities • Improving the efficiency of the data center facility and systems • Improving the efficiency of the IT equipment • By improving the performance of the server, energy savings can be compounded by reducing energy losses and cooling loads

17. A Lot of Activity In this Area • EPA (ENERGY STAR) • DOE (Industrial Technologies Program-” Save Energy Now”) • Industry Organizations taking action (Green Grid, and SPEC) • LBNL • ASHRAE • Manufacturers • Member Programs (PG&E and Austin Energy)

18. Recommendations To establish: • An organizational committee • A general work area framework To enable CEE members to: • Establish relevance in this fast-paced target market • Fully leverage the numerous activities underway • Identify and evaluate the many claims of EE or “green” DC

19. Recommendations Objectives: Given “newness” of industry objectives include: Building consistent consensus-based definitions, understanding of the industry, and knowledge of data center and server systems Identifying, clarifying and helping to validate energy efficiency opportunities Identifying recommended program strategies to help increase the energy efficiency of data centers and servers over and above that of the industry itself

20. Recommendations Work area scope: • Cover existing and new data centers • Include the broad range of data center types and sizes • Enterprise data centers • Corporate data centers • Server rooms • Data closets • Key related systems including: • Building infrastructure, • Power supplies and HVAC

21. Next Steps • CEE Board to vote on ongoing presence in work area • If authorized, CEE will convene committee • Develop work plan and plan activities • Begin work

22. To Participate on the Committee Contact: Jason Erwin CEE Commercial Program Manager Jerwin@CEE1.org

23. Pleasejoin us this afternoon: Data Center and Server Exploration 3:30-5:00 BREAKOUT SESSION