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Tissues of the Body. From Cells to Organ Systems. Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Cells combine to form four primary tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue. Epithelium. Two types: membranous epithelia
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From Cells to Organ Systems • Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs • Cells combine to form four primary tissues • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue
Epithelium • Two types: • membranous epithelia • form the coverings or linings of organs • glandular epithelia • form exocrine and endocrine glands
Glandular Epithelia • Epithelial tissues illustrate a basic biological principle: that structure closely correlates with function
ConnectiveTissue Section 4-1 • Binds the cells and organs of the body together • All connective tissues consist of two basic components: cells and extracellular fibers • Two types of connective tissue are: • Connective tissue proper • Specialized connective tissue
Connective Tissue • An important structural component of organs • Consists of two types: • Dense connective tissue • Loose connective tissue
Specialized Connective Tissues • Perform specific functions essential to homeostasis • The body contains three types of specialized connective tissue: • Cartilage • Bone • Blood
Cartilage • Consists of specialized cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other extracellular material • Blood • Contains blood cells, platelets, plasma
Osseous Tissue • Bone • Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix • Two types of bone tissue exist: spongy and compact
Muscle Tissue • Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated • The body has three types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal (voluntary) • Cardiac (involuntary) • Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Nervous Tissue • Contains specialized cells that conduct impulses • Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another. • Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of nervous system connective tissue.
OrganSystems • Tissues combine to form organs. • Organs are discrete structures that have evolved to perform specific functions • Most organs do not function alone, they are part of a group of cooperative organs, called an organ system.
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