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adhd: childhood and beyond

A Brief History of ADHD . Fidgety Phil was mentioned in 1865George Still (1902) described children who were aggressive, defiant, and passionate1917-1918 influenza epidemic survivorsThe concept of Minimal Brain DysfunctionThe rise of medication therapySubtypes of ADHDLingering symptoms of ADHD in adults.

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adhd: childhood and beyond

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    1. ADHD: Childhood and Beyond David M. Freed, Ph.D. 1180 Cross Street SE Salem, OR 97302 Phone: 503-362-9357

    2. A Brief History of ADHD Fidgety Phil was mentioned in 1865 George Still (1902) described children who were aggressive, defiant, and passionate 1917-1918 influenza epidemic survivors The concept of Minimal Brain Dysfunction The rise of medication therapy Subtypes of ADHD Lingering symptoms of ADHD in adults

    3. Diagnostic criteria for ADHD: Inattention Six or more of the following symptoms of inattention have persisted and caused significant problems careless mistakes difficulty sustaining attention often does not seem to listen fails to finish assignments avoids effortful tasks easily distracted often forgetful

    4. Diagnostic criteria for ADHD:Hyperactivity and Impulsivity Six or more of the following symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity have persisted and caused problems Often fidgets Can’t sit still Feels restless Talks excessively Noisy Has difficulty waiting turn Often interrupts or intrudes

    5. ADHD is frequently associated with other disorders including: Conduct disorders Learning disabilities Problems with emotional regulation Substance abuse Relationship issues Vocational difficulties

    6. Other Problems Associated with ADHD Reduced test performance (i.e., IQ) Impaired planning ability Excessive talking Poor organization Difficulty with problem solving Poor rule-governed behavior

    7. Other Problems Associated with ADHD Problems with frustration tolerance Academic and behavior problems Variable performance across time More frequent accidents and injuries Sleep difficulties

    8. ADHD and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders(Adapted from Barkley, 1998) Anxiety Disorders (average 25%) Major Depression (average 25%) Bipolar Disorder (most likely 6-10%) Somatization Disorder (24-35% of adolescents) Oppositional Defiant Disorder (average 35%) Conduct Disorder (20-56%)

    9. ADHD and Social Functioning(adapted from Barkley, 1998) Poor peer relationships Low social acceptance/status Increased aggression against peers Less compliance to requests More frequent requests for assistance More frequent reprimands and consequences Frequent changes: job, relationship, residence

    10. ADHD and Emotional Problems Low self-esteem Depressed and anxious Quick tempered Frequent meltdowns Substance abuse Chaotic personal routines

    11. Features That Support a Diagnosis of ADHD Life-long problems with attention A family history of similar problems (e.g., parents, siblings, children) Clinical presentation including restlessness, fidgetiness, and verbal digressions

    12. Features That Support a Diagnosis of ADHD History of academic and behavioral problems Sleep disorder Associated features of anxiety Associated features of depression

    13. ADHD Symptoms are Context-Dependent: Advantage or Disadvantage? High activity level can be an advantage Mixed handedness is common and often associated with excellent dexterity “Easy sociability” is the flip side of verbal impulsivity Bias to novelty results in unique solutions

    14. ADHD Symptoms: Advantage or Disadvantage? Friends appreciate the genuine expression of emotions (the flip side of “quick tempered”) ADHD masks symptoms of depression Hypervigilance to tasks of personal interest

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