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Modeling the Impact of Pollution and Predators on a Population of Northern Leopard Frogs. By Kevin and Zack. NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG. • Lakes, streams, ponds, and marshes. • Green, sometimes light brown. • Mutated frogs, Minnesota, 1995. • Turtles, snakes, lizards, birds. Habitat range.
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Modeling the Impact of Pollution and Predators on a Population of Northern Leopard Frogs By Kevin and Zack
NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG • Lakes, streams, ponds, and marshes. • Green, sometimes light brown. • Mutated frogs, Minnesota, 1995. • Turtles, snakes, lizards, birds. Habitat range
A MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION • Life cycle of frog. • Damage via pollution. • Predatory animals.
MODELING THE FROG LIFE CYCLE • Three stages. •Lizards eat only adult frogs. •Pollution affects all frogs. • Eggs laid: ~4.1/day/adult • Eggs hatching: 12 days • Tadpoles maturing: 60 days • Population cap: 400 for adults, 1250 overall
MORTALITY DUE TO POLLUTION Pollution kills: 4% tadpoles, eggs. 2% adult frogs.
FROGS’ PREDATORS (LIZARDS) • Lizards live 4 years. • Birth rate based on food. • 2 frogs/lizard/day.
POPULATIONS DURING A 1,400-DAY TRIAL • Populations shoot up • Lizards catch up to frogs • Equilibrium reached
FROG MORTALITIES BY CAUSE • More deaths due to pollution • Lizards eat more, but only adults • Pollution affects all frogs
Conclusion • Pollution affects a population of frogs more than predators. Are there any questions? No? Great!
Bibliography •Dunn, Kyla, “Freaky Frogs”, www.pbs.orgfrontline.online, 1998. •Oregon State University, “Methroprene”, www.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/methroprene.htm, 1996 •Three Teachers’ Association, “The Northern Leopard Frog”, www.alienexplorer.com/ecology/p146.html, 2000 •Province of Nova Scotia, “Northern Leopard Frog”, http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/frogs/north.htm, 2000