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chapter nine: charlemagne and the rise of medieval culture

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chapter nine: charlemagne and the rise of medieval culture

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    1. Chapter Nine:Charlemagne and the Rise of Medieval Culture

    3. Charlemagne: Ruler and Diplomat Papal Coronation Leo III, Christmas 800 Revival of Western Roman Empire Feudal Administration

    4. Charlemagne: Economic Developments Stabilized the currency Denier Trade Fairs Trade Routes

    5. Learning in the Time of Charlemagne “Palace School” at Aachen Scholar-teachers Curriculum Trivium, quadrivium Mastery of texts Text reform Literary revival = Liturgical revival Literacy as prerequisite for worship

    6. Learning in the Time of Charlemagne Alcuin of York Sacramentary Corrected errors in the Vulgate Bible Developed Frankish school system

    7. Benedictine Monasticism Early monasticism Varying monastic lifestyles No predominate rule The Rule of St. Benedict “Magna Carta of monasticism” Poverty, stability, obedience, chastity Balance of prayer, work, and study Horarium

    8. Liturgical Music and the Rise of Drama The Liturgical Trope Verbal elaborations of textual content Added to the long melismas Aid in memorization Origin of drama in the West

    9. The Morality Play: Everyman Links liturgical and secular drama Allegorical, moralistic Instructs for moral conversion Religious themes Life as a pilgrimage The inevitability of death (memento mori) Faith vs. Free Will

    10. The Legend of Charlemagne:Song of Roland Charlemagne canonized 1165 Reliquaries and commemoratives Epic poem Charlemagne’s battle with the Basques (778) Chansons de geste, chansons d’histoire Oral tradition, jongleurs Anti-Muslim bias

    11. 9.4 Reliquary of Charlemagne, c. 1349. Gold, silver, gems, enamel, 33.9? (86 cm) high. Crown, before 1349; bust, after 1349. Cathedral Treasury, Palatine Chapel, Cathedral, Aachen, Germany// © Art Resource, NY9.4 Reliquary of Charlemagne, c. 1349. Gold, silver, gems, enamel, 33.9? (86 cm) high. Crown, before 1349; bust, after 1349. Cathedral Treasury, Palatine Chapel, Cathedral, Aachen, Germany// © Art Resource, NY

    12. The Visual Arts:The Illuminated Book Carolingian manuscripts on parchment Utrecht Psalter Masterpiece of the Carolingian Renaissance Dagulf Psalter Carved ivory book covers Carolingian miniscule

    13. 9.5 The four evangelists and their symbols, Palatine School at Aachen, early 9th century. Manuscript illustration from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne, Treasury Gospels (fol. 14v), Cathedral Treasury, Palatine Chapel, Cathedral, Aachen, Germany//© D.Y./Art Resource, NY9.5 The four evangelists and their symbols, Palatine School at Aachen, early 9th century. Manuscript illustration from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne, Treasury Gospels (fol. 14v), Cathedral Treasury, Palatine Chapel, Cathedral, Aachen, Germany//© D.Y./Art Resource, NY

    14. 9.7 Crucifi xion, 9th century. From Metz, France. Ivory plaque, 43/4? x 81/4? (12 x 21 cm) high//Image © Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK/Art Resource, NY9.7 Crucifi xion, 9th century. From Metz, France. Ivory plaque, 43/4? x 81/4? (12 x 21 cm) high//Image © Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK/Art Resource, NY

    15. 9.8 Cover panels, Dagulf Psalter, late 8th century. Made for Pope Hadrian in the palace workshops of Emperor Charlemagne at Aachen, Germany. Ivory, 31/8? x 61/2? (9.4 x 16.6 cm) high. Louvre, Paris, France//© Réunion des Musées Nationaux /Art Resource, NY9.8 Cover panels, Dagulf Psalter, late 8th century. Made for Pope Hadrian in the palace workshops of Emperor Charlemagne at Aachen, Germany. Ivory, 31/8? x 61/2? (9.4 x 16.6 cm) high. Louvre, Paris, France//© Réunion des Musées Nationaux /Art Resource, NY

    16. Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen Kingdom modeled on ancient Rome

    17. 9.9 Reconstruction of Charlemagne’s palace, Aachen, Germany. Watercolor on paper. Image © Archives Larousse, Paris, France//Lauros/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library9.9 Reconstruction of Charlemagne’s palace, Aachen, Germany. Watercolor on paper. Image © Archives Larousse, Paris, France//Lauros/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library

    18. The Romanesque Style Large, “Roman-looking” architecture Influenced by travel, expansion Pilgrimages Heavy stone arches Larger, more spacious interiors Fireproof stone and masonry roofs

    19. The Romanesque Style Exterior decoration (sculpture) Lack of interior light Portal (doorway) Jamb, capital, trumeau Tympanum (mandorla, archivolts) Church of Sainte Madeleine at Vézelay

    20. 9.17 Pentecost, tympanum, Abbey Church of La Madeleine, Vézelay, c. 1120–1132. (Image © The Art Archive/Gianni Dagli Orti)9.17 Pentecost, tympanum, Abbey Church of La Madeleine, Vézelay, c. 1120–1132. (Image © The Art Archive/Gianni Dagli Orti)

    21. Chapter Nine: Discussion Questions Explain the function of the Song of Roland as both religious and political propaganda during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. What values are extolled within the text that would serve religious and political leaders as they shape their culture? Do we, as a culture, subscribe to these same values today? Why or why not? Why was Charlemagne so interested in developing literacy? Explain his motives and methods for establishing schools and supporting scholars. Describe the role of the liturgical trope in the development of drama in the West. For example, how does one begin with the Quem Quæritis trope and arrive at Everyman? Explain the evolution of the art form.

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