Making medieval culture and traditions alive in our own days

1. Making medieval culture and traditions alive in our own days • Medieval events chart(IXth to XVIIth century)

2. IX-th Century • First Hungarian attack in Transylvania • Depicted by Anonymus in his chronicle “Gesta Hungarorum” • Hungarians found here three rulers: Gelu, Glad, Menumorut • In the next century, those three were defeated by the Hungarians

3. Gesta Hungarorum

4. Ruins of the Biharea fortress, Menumorut’s residence • Menumorut was a strong leader, who tried to fight the Hungarians

5. X-th century • Jupan (ruler) Dimitrie ruled in Dobrudja (South-Eastern part of Romania, on the Black Sea Coast) • His name can be found on an inscription discovered in today’s Mircea Voda, dating 943 • Little is known about Dimitrie or his state

6. The inscription of 943 • The language in the old language of the Slavs, used by the Romanians in the medieval times • It seems to be the first written document in this language discovered in our country

7. The inscription of 943

8. XI-th century • The Roman-Catholic Cathedral “Saint Michael” in Alba-Iulia is built beginning with the XI-th century • It was built in Romanic style with Gothic influences added later • It was partially destroyed by the Tartars in 1242 • Here are the tombs of Iancu of Hunedoara and Ioan Sigismund, rulers of Transylvania

9. XI-th century • Saint Michael Cathedral of Alba-Iulia

10. XII-th century • 1176-the first voievod (ruler, prince) of Transylvania is mentioned in a document • His name was Leustachius • Transylvania was under the rule of the Hungarian kingdom by that time

11. XII-th century • He was also count of Dăbâca before being ruler of Transylvania • Little is known about him and his period as a ruler

12. XIII-th century • Building of the Râşnov peasants’ fortress • It was built by the inhabitants from Râşnov, near the city of Braşov • They needed a fortess in order to protect themselves from the attacks of the Tartars and later from the Turks; the Tartars could not conquer the fortress in the 13th century

13. Râşnov fortress

14. XIV-th century • The Battle of Posada-1330 • In 1330, the Hungarian king Carol Robert of Anjou tried to defeat the Romanian ruler Basarab (also named Basarab the I-st the Founder, the first prince of Valachia, the Southern part of Romania) • Basarab won and the Romanian state became independent

15. The battle of Posada • Basarab I

16. Posada • The battle is depicted in a Hungarian chronicle (but kept in Vienne)

17. XV-th century • The battle of Podu-Inalt (Vaslui) • In 1475, January 10-th, a huge Turkish army tried to conquer Moldavia (the Eastern part of Romania), which was ruled by the greatest medieval prince, Steven the Great. • The Turks were badly defeated, but returned the next year

18. Battle of Podu-Inalt (Vaslui) • The monument of Steven the Great on the site of the battle

19. XVI-th century • The battle of Calugareni • In 1595, the Turkish army led by Sinan attacked Valachia again • The battle took place in Calugareni, on the river Neajlov, in a moor (close to the Danube river) • The Romanians under the rule of Michael the Brave won • Michael the Great was the first ruler of the three Romanian states (Transylvania, Valachia and Moldavia) in 1600

20. The battle of Calugăreni • The battle depicted in medieval documents

21. XVII-th century • The Bible of Bucharest, 1688 • This Bible is the first book written in Romanian • The work of translating the Bible into Romanian started during the rule of prince Serban Cantacuzino and finished under the rule of the great prince Constantin Brancoveanu • It was translated by a group of scholars • It was one of the most important books in the Romanian space in medieval times and helped to the creation of today literary language

22. Bible of Bucharest • Bucharest was the capital of Valachia in medieval and modern times and became the capital of Romania in the XIX-th century

23. Authors • This presentation was made by the “History group” led by Răzvan Ciobanu using materials from different students • Andrea Vornicu (English group) helped with the translation • 2008-2009